Bronze Age World

Review and provenance

Specialist reviewer: not recorded. Review date: not recorded.

Dataset workflow: proposed. This is separate from specialist review.

Confidence describes the stated assessment; it does not certify expert approval. How review works.

Chronology

Dating intervals may describe uncertainty or phases; their width alone does not establish event duration.

Preferred assertion

1600 BCE–1100 BCE

Precision: approximate

informs · supports distribution
Wadi Howar: Settlement Area and Thoroughfare at the Southern Margin of the Libyan Desert — University of Cologne ACACIA Project A2
Provides the ceramic horizon, livestock shift, and settlement response.

Locator: Project cultural sequence; Handessi Horizon section
informs · contextualizes
Wadi Hower National Park – Gala Abou Ahmed — UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Republic of the Sudan (2022)
Provides wider landscape and chronology context.

Locator: Criterion (iii) and (v) settlement history

Research description

The Handessi Horizon began before the project period, around 2200 BCE, and continued into the later second millennium. Within 1600–1100 BCE it documents adaptation to increasing aridity, including greater use of sheep and goats and declining permanent settlement in lower Wadi Howar.

Evidence and sources

informs · supports distribution
Wadi Howar: Settlement Area and Thoroughfare at the Southern Margin of the Libyan Desert — University of Cologne ACACIA Project A2
Provides the ceramic horizon, livestock shift, and settlement response.

Locator: Project cultural sequence; Handessi Horizon section
informs · contextualizes
Wadi Hower National Park – Gala Abou Ahmed — UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Republic of the Sudan (2022)
Provides wider landscape and chronology context.

Locator: Criterion (iii) and (v) settlement history

Where to go next

Compare the four cities Explore causes and counter-evidence Explain a term or date

Referenced records

Geography assertion for arch_handessi_horizon_communities · geography assertion