What is the evidence?

observation

Material from the site has been assigned broadly to the Napatan period beginning in the ninth century BCE, while published project-page radiocarbon results cluster later, around 700–400 BCE.

Inspect the sources →
Review and provenance

Specialist reviewer: not recorded. Review date: not recorded.

Dataset workflow: proposed. This is separate from specialist review.

Confidence describes the stated assessment; it does not certify expert approval. How review works.

Chronology

Dating intervals may describe uncertainty or phases; their width alone does not establish event duration.

Preferred assertion

900 BCE–800 BCE

Precision: range

low

This assertion records the event’s preferred range without suppressing narrower samples, phase uncertainty, or competing chronology noted elsewhere in the record.

  • informs · provides chronology
    Gala Abu Ahmed, Sudan: Project Overview — University of Cologne, Forschungsstelle Afrika

    Provides the period attribution and its limits.


    Locator: Project overview; Napatan attribution, reported 700–400 BCE radiocarbon dates, and unresolved function
  • informs · dates
    Wadi Hower National Park – Gala Abou Ahmed — UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Republic of the Sudan (2022)

    Places the site in the wider landscape without supplying a precise construction date.


    Locator: Criteria (ii)–(iii); Gala Abu Ahmed and lower Wadi Howar summary

Interpretation and caveats

Overlap with the atlas before 800 BCE is possible, but construction date, continuity, function, and relation to the later monumental phase remain unresolved. The record is retained as a low-confidence research question rather than a securely dated foundation.

Event context

Classification

Event type: possible early site use

Evidence layer: archaeological

Timeline role: regional core

Why it matters to the timeline

This event directly documents the North African research scope in eastern Sahara and oasis corridors, Nubia and Nile–Sahara connections. It is included for its regional evidence rather than merely because it is contemporary.

Research notes

  • Provides the period attribution and its limits. Role: provides chronology. Locator: Project overview; Napatan attribution, reported 700–400 BCE radiocarbon dates, and unresolved function.
  • Places the site in the wider landscape without supplying a precise construction date. Role: contextualizes. Locator: Criteria (ii)–(iii); Gala Abu Ahmed and lower Wadi Howar summary.

Evidence and sources

  • informs · provides chronology
    Gala Abu Ahmed, Sudan: Project Overview — University of Cologne, Forschungsstelle Afrika

    Provides the period attribution and its limits.


    Locator: Project overview; Napatan attribution, reported 700–400 BCE radiocarbon dates, and unresolved function
  • informs · contextualizes
    Wadi Hower National Park – Gala Abou Ahmed — UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Republic of the Sudan (2022)

    Places the site in the wider landscape without supplying a precise construction date.


    Locator: Criteria (ii)–(iii); Gala Abu Ahmed and lower Wadi Howar summary

Where to go next

Referenced records