What is the evidence?

observation

An irregular fragment containing 9.4 percent tin was recovered from a KK2 context radiocarbon dated to 1110–920 BCE at 95.4 percent confidence.

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Review and provenance

Specialist reviewer: not recorded. Review date: not recorded.

Dataset workflow: proposed. This is separate from specialist review.

Confidence describes the stated assessment; it does not certify expert approval. How review works.

Chronology

Dating intervals may describe uncertainty or phases; their width alone does not establish event duration.

Preferred assertion

1110 BCE–920 BCE

Precision: range

high

This assertion records the event’s preferred range without suppressing narrower samples, phase uncertainty, or competing chronology noted elsewhere in the record.

  • informs · dates
    Rethinking late prehistoric Mediterranean Africa: architecture, farming and materiality at Kach Kouch, Morocco — Benattia, Hamza, Bokbot, Youssef, Onrubia-Pintado, Jorge, Benerradi, Meryem, Bougariane, Bouchra, Bouhamidi, Bouchra, Carballo-Pérez, Jared, Echcherif-Baamrani, Othman, Elqably, Asmae, Ghayati, Noufel, Hachami, Hassan, Kbiri-Alaoui, Mohamed, Lazarescu, Raluca, Lombardi, Lorena, Lucarini, Giulio, Martínez-Sánchez, Rafael M., Mateu-Sagés, Marta, Menéndez-Molist, Pau, Montero-Ruiz, Ignacio, Ouakrim, Zayd, Pérez-Jordà, Guillem, Radi, Moad, Ramon-Torres, Joan, Sobrevia-Corral, Eric, Touri, Tachfine, Broodbank, Cyprian (2025)

    Provides alloy composition, context date, and explicit production uncertainty.


    Locator: Figure 10E and metallic-object discussion, pp. 368–370

Interpretation and caveats

The object is the earliest radiocarbon-dated tin-bronze example currently reported from North Africa west of Egypt, but its manufacture may have been local or external and no secure local metallurgical installation is known.

Event context

Classification

Event type: metal object deposition and analysis

Evidence layer: archaeological

Timeline role: regional core

Why it matters to the timeline

This event directly documents the North African research scope in Morocco and Atlantic façade, western Mediterranean and Iberian connections. It is included for its regional evidence rather than merely because it is contemporary.

Research notes

  • Provides alloy composition, context date, and explicit production uncertainty. Role: provides material analysis. Locator: Figure 10E and metallic-object discussion, pp. 368–370.

Evidence and sources

  • informs · provides material analysis
    Rethinking late prehistoric Mediterranean Africa: architecture, farming and materiality at Kach Kouch, Morocco — Benattia, Hamza, Bokbot, Youssef, Onrubia-Pintado, Jorge, Benerradi, Meryem, Bougariane, Bouchra, Bouhamidi, Bouchra, Carballo-Pérez, Jared, Echcherif-Baamrani, Othman, Elqably, Asmae, Ghayati, Noufel, Hachami, Hassan, Kbiri-Alaoui, Mohamed, Lazarescu, Raluca, Lombardi, Lorena, Lucarini, Giulio, Martínez-Sánchez, Rafael M., Mateu-Sagés, Marta, Menéndez-Molist, Pau, Montero-Ruiz, Ignacio, Ouakrim, Zayd, Pérez-Jordà, Guillem, Radi, Moad, Ramon-Torres, Joan, Sobrevia-Corral, Eric, Touri, Tachfine, Broodbank, Cyprian (2025)

    Provides alloy composition, context date, and explicit production uncertainty.


    Locator: Figure 10E and metallic-object discussion, pp. 368–370

Where to go next

Referenced records