event · evt_mushiston_tin_copper_cosmelting
Tin-bearing copper production at Mushiston
Mining remains, ores and slags support co-smelting of tin-bearing and copper minerals at Mushiston.
What is the evidence?
observation
Mining remains, ores and slags support co-smelting of tin-bearing and copper minerals at Mushiston.Review and provenance
Specialist reviewer: not recorded. Review date: not recorded.
Dataset workflow: proposed. This is separate from specialist review.
Confidence describes the stated assessment; it does not certify expert approval. How review works.
Chronology
Dating intervals may describe uncertainty or phases; their width alone does not establish event duration.
1900 BCE–1400 BCE
Precision: range
highProduction chronology is stronger than any downstream route attribution.
- informs · provides scientific evidence
Shiny bronze in glassy matter: an inconspicuous piece of slag from the Bronze Age mining site of Mushiston (Tajikistan) and its significance for the development of tin metallurgy in Central Asia — Daniel Berger, Gerhard Brugmann, Ronny Friedrich, Joachim Lutz, Hans-Peter Meyer, Ernst Pernicka (2022)Provides the direct production evidence.
Locator: Ore, slag, co-smelting and 1900-1400 BCE chronology
Interpretation and caveats
Mushiston was an important local production zone, but object-level provenance must be tested and no universal tin route is inferred.
Event context
Classification
Event type: mining and metallurgical production
Evidence layer: archaeological
Timeline role: regional core
People and places
Locations: Mushiston mining and smelting zone, Zeravshan Valley and mountain corridor
Why it matters to the timeline
The production zone lies in Tajikistan and directly addresses required tin, copper and mountain-corridor research.
Research notes
- Provides the direct production evidence. Role: provides scientific evidence. Locator: Ore, slag, co-smelting and 1900-1400 BCE chronology.
Evidence and sources
- informs · provides scientific evidence
Shiny bronze in glassy matter: an inconspicuous piece of slag from the Bronze Age mining site of Mushiston (Tajikistan) and its significance for the development of tin metallurgy in Central Asia — Daniel Berger, Gerhard Brugmann, Ronny Friedrich, Joachim Lutz, Hans-Peter Meyer, Ernst Pernicka (2022)Provides the direct production evidence.
Locator: Ore, slag, co-smelting and 1900-1400 BCE chronology
Referenced records
- Mushiston mining and smelting zone · entity
- Zeravshan Valley and mountain corridor · entity