Bronze Age World

Citation metadata

Type: journal article
Publication: Bulletin of the American Schools of Overseas Research, vol. 388, 177-202
Peer reviewed: Yes

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causal hypothesis Southern Levant systems-transformation model
Evidence confidence: high
informs · critiques interpretation · polity formation
Chronology caution.
claim Large-scale Iron Age copper production in the Arabah does not by itself prove control by an early Edomite kingdom.
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · critiques interpretation · formation reassessment
Separates industry and polity.
relationship Edomites — associated population of — Edom
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · critiques interpretation · formation reassessment
Supports dated relationship.
relationship Pastoral and copper-production networks of the Arabah — not automatically controlled by — Edom
Evidence confidence: high
informs · critiques interpretation · formation chronology
Supports guardrail.
entity Edomites
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · critiques interpretation · entire article
Separates early copper activity from later Edomite state formation.
date assertion Emergence of the Edomite polity — date assertion
Evidence confidence: low
informs · critiques interpretation · early formation discussion
Retains but limits this model.
event Iron Age intensification and reorganization of Arabah copper production
Evidence confidence: high
informs · critiques interpretation · Edom formation reassessment
Challenges automatic Edomite attribution.
date assertion Edomites — date assertion
informs · critiques interpretation · entire article
Separates early copper activity from later Edomite state formation.
property assignment Edom — has property — Polity extent uncertain
Evidence confidence: near certain
informs · critiques interpretation · formation reassessment
Supports assignment.
causal hypothesis Polycentric Arabah copper-production model
Evidence confidence: high
informs · critiques interpretation · Edom formation
Political chronology.
geography assertion Buseirah — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Edom formation and Buseirah chronology
Supports identification and archaeological location of Buseirah; the point is a representative site locator, not an excavation footprint.
claim Moab, Ammon, and Edom emerged through different and uneven settlement and political trajectories rather than one synchronous Transjordanian state-formation event.
Evidence confidence: high
informs · proposes interpretation · Edom formation
Provides third trajectory.
entity Edom
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · proposes interpretation · formation model and chronology
Provides current critical synthesis.
date assertion Edom — date assertion
informs · proposes interpretation · formation model and chronology
Provides current critical synthesis.
event Emergence of the Edomite polity
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · proposes interpretation · formation chronology and critique
Principal modern reassessment.
ranked model Moab, Ammon, and Edom formation
Evidence confidence: high
informs · proposes interpretation · Edom
Edom trajectory.
date assertion Emergence of the Edomite polity — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · proposes interpretation · formation chronology and critique
Principal modern reassessment.
date assertion Emergence of the Edomite polity — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · proposes interpretation · later formation model
Supports this alternative.
relationship Buseirah — located in — Edom highlands
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides archaeological observation · Edom formation and Buseirah chronology
Supports the site description, phase range, or principal research relevance.
date assertion Buseirah — date assertion
informs · provides archaeological observation · Edom formation and Buseirah chronology
Supports the site description, phase range, or principal research relevance.
entity Buseirah
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides archaeological observation · Edom formation and Buseirah chronology
Supports the site description, phase range, or principal research relevance.
geography assertion Negev and Arabah — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: low
informs · supports distribution · Edom formation and regional archaeology
Supports a non-state-first reconstruction of the southern Transjordanian landscape.