Bronze Age World

Citation metadata

Type: field report
Publication: American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 121, no. 1, 85–133
Peer reviewed: Yes

Open DOI or stable record (opens in a new tab)

Records informed by this source

date assertion Terminal New Kingdom Destructions and Egyptian Withdrawal at Jaffa — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · establishes · pp. 85–133
claim Jaffa’s Egyptian fortress experienced repeated violent destruction, with the terminal phase marking the end of Egyptian control locally.
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · establishes
Supports the claim: Jaffa’s Egyptian fortress experienced repeated violent destruction, with the terminal phase marking the end of Egyptian control locally.
event Terminal New Kingdom Destructions and Egyptian Withdrawal at Jaffa
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · establishes · pp. 85–133
Source relationship recorded for Terminal New Kingdom Destructions and Egyptian Withdrawal at Jaffa.
claim Terminal New Kingdom Destructions and Egyptian Withdrawal at Jaffa is best dated in this release to late 12th century BCE, with radiocarbon constraints around the early 12th-to-…
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports
Supports the claim: Terminal New Kingdom Destructions and Egyptian Withdrawal at Jaffa is best dated in this release to late 12th century BCE, with radiocarbon constraints around the early 12th-to-11th transition.
claim New Kingdom Egypt survived the early 12th-century conflicts as a state, but later evidence shows provisioning stress and contraction of control in the southern Levant.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports
Supports the claim: New Kingdom Egypt survived the early 12th-century conflicts as a state, but later evidence shows provisioning stress and contraction of control in the southern Levant.
property assignment New Kingdom Egypt — has property — Transformed Polity
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
Survival involved contraction from parts of the Levant and mounting internal fiscal stress rather than unchanged continuity.
property assignment Terminal New Kingdom Destructions and Egyptian Withdrawal at Jaffa — is a — Destruction Horizon
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports assignment
Terminal New Kingdom Destructions and Egyptian Withdrawal at Jaffa is represented as a destruction-related archaeological event; cause and synchronism are modeled separately.
property assignment Terminal New Kingdom Destructions and Egyptian Withdrawal at Jaffa — has research status — Cause Unknown
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
The event is better established than a single definitive cause or attacker identity.
property assignment New Kingdom Egypt — has property — Political Survival
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
Egypt survived the crisis period as a state, although its resources, external control, and internal stability changed.
property assignment Terminal New Kingdom Destructions and Egyptian Withdrawal at Jaffa — is a — Violent Destruction
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports assignment
The archaeological and contextual evidence makes deliberate human violence a serious interpretation, while specific attackers remain uncertain.
entity Jaffa
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity record
Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Jaffa.
entity Southern Levant
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity record
Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Southern Levant.
relationship Jaffa — located in — Southern Levant
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Jaffa is located in or geographically associated with Southern Levant.
relationship Jaffa — controlled by — New Kingdom Egypt
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Jaffa functioned as an Egyptian-controlled fortress and administrative centre in Canaan before withdrawal.
relationship Terminal New Kingdom Destructions and Egyptian Withdrawal at Jaffa — occurred in — Jaffa
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Terminal New Kingdom Destructions and Egyptian Withdrawal at Jaffa is geographically assigned to Jaffa.
relationship Terminal New Kingdom Destructions and Egyptian Withdrawal at Jaffa — affected — Jaffa
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Terminal New Kingdom Destructions and Egyptian Withdrawal at Jaffa directly affected Jaffa in this reconstruction.
relationship Terminal New Kingdom Destructions and Egyptian Withdrawal at Jaffa — affected — New Kingdom Egypt
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Terminal New Kingdom Destructions and Egyptian Withdrawal at Jaffa directly affected New Kingdom Egypt in this reconstruction.
relationship Southern Levant — part of — Eastern Mediterranean
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Southern Levant is represented as part of Eastern Mediterranean.