Bronze Age World

Citation metadata

Type: journal article
Publication: Open Quaternary, vol. 11, no. 1, 3
Peer reviewed: Yes

Open DOI or stable record (opens in a new tab)

Records informed by this source

relationship Southeast Arabian Early Iron Age — located or analytically grouped within — Oman Hajar and interior oases
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Salūt Iron Age chronology and discussion
Provides one well-studied local sequence.
claim Climate and monsoon variability should not be treated as a single deterministic cause of settlement, irrigation or political change across Southern Arabia and the Horn.
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Oasis adaptation and water-management discussion
Shows technological and local responses rather than passive climate determinism.
entity Southeast Arabian Early Iron Age
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Salūt Iron Age chronology and discussion
Provides one well-studied local sequence.
date assertion Southeast Arabian Early Iron Age — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · Salūt Iron Age chronology and discussion
Provides one well-studied local sequence.
relationship Southeast Arabian Early Iron Age — located or analytically grouped within — Gulf interaction zone
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Salūt Iron Age chronology and discussion
Provides one well-studied local sequence.
property Water management without secure falaj attribution
Evidence confidence: high
informs · critiques interpretation · Discussion of wells, water harvesting and securely dated later aflaj
Explicitly separates Early Iron water systems from the later secure falaj horizon.
event Early Iron Age water harvesting and cultivation at Salūt
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · critiques interpretation · Discussion of the later securely dated falaj horizon
Prevents early water-management evidence from being mislabeled as a falaj.
supports · provides archaeological observation · Sections 3–5; wells, cisterns, runoff capture and terraces
Provides the archaeological and geoarchaeological observations.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · critiques interpretation · Discussion of the later securely dated falaj horizon
Prevents early water-management evidence from being mislabeled as a falaj.
informs · provides archaeological observation · Sections 3–5; wells, cisterns, runoff capture and terraces
Provides the archaeological and geoarchaeological observations.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · critiques interpretation · Discussion of the later securely dated falaj horizon
Prevents early water-management evidence from being mislabeled as a falaj.
informs · provides archaeological observation · Sections 3–5; wells, cisterns, runoff capture and terraces
Provides the archaeological and geoarchaeological observations.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · critiques interpretation · Discussion of the later securely dated falaj horizon
Prevents early water-management evidence from being mislabeled as a falaj.
informs · provides archaeological observation · Sections 3–5; wells, cisterns, runoff capture and terraces
Provides the archaeological and geoarchaeological observations.
ranked model model_salut_primary_interval_falaj_rank2
Evidence confidence: very low
informs · critiques interpretation · Falaj chronology discussion
Rejects the early secure-falaj attribution.
claim Salūt preserves Early Iron Age wells, cisterns, runoff capture and terraces, but no falaj is securely dated there to 1600–800 BCE.
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · critiques interpretation · Discussion of securely dated mid-first-millennium BCE aflaj
Provides the chronological safeguard.
supports · provides archaeological observation · Early water-system results
Provides direct evidence for early water management.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · dates · Chronological synthesis; statement that Salūt IA was established around 1300 BCE at the latest
Provides the terminus and the possibility of an earlier beginning.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · dates · Chronological synthesis; statement that Salūt IA was established around 1300 BCE at the latest
Provides the terminus and the possibility of an earlier beginning.
causal hypothesis Water harvesting and storage supported Salūt oasis intensification
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · proposes interpretation · Water-management reconstruction and oasis discussion
Provides the geoarchaeological mechanism and later-falaj distinction.
date assertion Oman Hajar and interior oases — date assertion
informs · provides archaeological observation · Sections 2–5; Salūt oasis sequence
Provides Early Iron Age oasis evidence.
date assertion Salūt ST1 — date assertion
informs · provides archaeological observation · ST1 well, settlement and cultivation discussion
Provides the site evidence.
date assertion Salūt IA — date assertion
informs · provides archaeological observation · Sections 2–5; Salūt IA stratigraphy and water systems
Provides the primary site sequence and water-management evidence.
ranked model model_salut_early_water_management_rank1
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides archaeological observation · Water-system sequence
Provides the preferred model.
event Salūt IA established by approximately 1300 BCE
Evidence confidence: high
supports · dates · Chronological synthesis; statement that Salūt IA was established around 1300 BCE at the latest
Provides the terminus and the possibility of an earlier beginning.
relationship Salūt IA — assigned to archaeological period — Southeast Arabian Early Iron Age
Evidence confidence: high
supports · dates · Salūt Early Iron Age chronology
Provides the phase assignment.
date assertion Salūt IA established by approximately 1300 BCE — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · dates · Chronological synthesis; statement that Salūt IA was established around 1300 BCE at the latest
Provides the terminus and the possibility of an earlier beginning.
date assertion Salūt IA established by approximately 1300 BCE — date assertion
Evidence confidence: low
supports · dates · Chronological synthesis; possible earlier beginning before c. 1300 BCE
Preserves the source’s earlier possibility without inventing a foundation date.
entity Salūt IA
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides archaeological observation · Sections 2–5; Salūt IA stratigraphy and water systems
Provides the primary site sequence and water-management evidence.
causal hypothesis Climate, land use and water management interacted without one deterministic regional collapse mechanism
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides archaeological observation · Local oasis water-management evidence
Shows technological response.
relationship Salūt IA — located or analytically grouped within — Oman Hajar and interior oases
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides archaeological observation · Sections 2–5; Salūt IA stratigraphy and water systems
Provides the primary site sequence and water-management evidence.
date assertion Early Iron Age water harvesting and cultivation at Salūt — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides archaeological observation · Sections 3–5; wells, cisterns, runoff capture and terraces
Provides the archaeological and geoarchaeological observations.
entity Oman Hajar and interior oases
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides archaeological observation · Sections 2–5; Salūt oasis sequence
Provides Early Iron Age oasis evidence.
relationship Salūt ST1 — interacts with — Salūt IA
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides archaeological observation · Salūt IA and ST1 spatial and hydraulic discussion
Provides the site relationship.
entity Salūt ST1
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides archaeological observation · ST1 well, settlement and cultivation discussion
Provides the site evidence.
relationship Salūt ST1 — located or analytically grouped within — Oman Hajar and interior oases
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides archaeological observation · ST1 well, settlement and cultivation discussion
Provides the site evidence.
property assignment Salūt IA — has property — Water management without secure falaj attribution
Evidence confidence: very high
supports · supports · Water-system results and falaj chronology discussion
Explicitly separates early systems from later secure aflaj.