Bronze Age World

Citation metadata

Type: journal article
Publication: Science Advances, vol. 5, no. 7, eaax0061
Peer reviewed: Yes

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causal hypothesis Direct Steppe-to-Eastern-Mediterranean Migration Chain
contradicts · challenges model
Provides evidence or reasoning against Direct Steppe-to-Eastern-Mediterranean Migration Chain.
claim Early Iron Age individuals at Ashkelon carried a European-related genetic component not detected in the preceding Bronze Age sample and no longer statistically detectable later.
Evidence confidence: high
informs · establishes
Supports the claim: Early Iron Age individuals at Ashkelon carried a European-related genetic component not detected in the preceding Bronze Age sample and no longer statistically detectable later.
claim New cultural configurations emerged in parts of the southern coastal Levant through a mixture of migration, local continuity and identity formation.
Evidence confidence: high
informs · establishes
Supports the claim: New cultural configurations emerged in parts of the southern coastal Levant through a mixture of migration, local continuity and identity formation.
event Early Iron Age European-Related Gene Flow at Ashkelon
Evidence confidence: high
informs · establishes · results and supplementary data
Source relationship recorded for Early Iron Age European-Related Gene Flow at Ashkelon.
date assertion Early Iron Age European-Related Gene Flow at Ashkelon — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
informs · establishes · results and supplementary data
date assertion Emergence of Philistine Cultural Configurations — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
informs · supports · genetic results
claim Ashkelon ancient DNA supports a real but limited early Iron Age influx of European-related ancestry, not complete population replacement.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports
Supports the claim: Ashkelon ancient DNA supports a real but limited early Iron Age influx of European-related ancestry, not complete population replacement.
event Emergence of Philistine Cultural Configurations
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports · genetic results
Source relationship recorded for Emergence of Philistine Cultural Configurations.
claim Early Iron Age European-Related Gene Flow at Ashkelon is best dated in this release to early Iron Age, broadly 12th century BCE.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports
Supports the claim: Early Iron Age European-Related Gene Flow at Ashkelon is best dated in this release to early Iron Age, broadly 12th century BCE.
claim The association of the Egyptian Peleset with early Philistines is plausible and widely used, but it remains an identification across textual, linguistic and archaeological categ…
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports
Supports the claim: The association of the Egyptian Peleset with early Philistines is plausible and widely used, but it remains an identification across textual, linguistic and archaeological categories rather than a literal equality.
property assignment Ashkelon Ancient-DNA Dataset — has property — Archaeogenetic Evidence
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
The dataset measures ancestry changes in sampled individuals from Ashkelon.
property assignment Philistine City System — belongs to period — Early Iron Age
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
The Philistine city system emerged in the southern Levant during the Early Iron Age.
property assignment Peleset — possibly associated with — Possible Migrant Population
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports assignment
Migration is one credible component of Peleset/Philistine formation, but scale, origin, and relationship to local populations remain debated.
property assignment Philistines — has property — Migration or Mobility Evidence
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports assignment
Early Iron Age Ashkelon samples support some European-related ancestry input alongside substantial local ancestry.
property assignment Philistines — has property — Population Replacement Not Established
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
The available Ashkelon sample supports limited gene flow rather than wholesale replacement, and the ancestry signal became diluted within later samples.
property assignment Early Iron Age European-Related Gene Flow at Ashkelon — has property — Archaeogenetic Evidence
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
The event is inferred from ancient DNA sampled at Ashkelon.
property assignment Early Iron Age European-Related Gene Flow at Ashkelon — has property — Migration or Mobility Evidence
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
The ancestry shift is evidence for movement of people or ancestry into Ashkelon.
property assignment Early Iron Age European-Related Gene Flow at Ashkelon — has property — Population Replacement Not Established
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
The genetic result indicates limited input rather than total population replacement.
relationship Early Iron Age European-Related Gene Flow at Ashkelon — contributed to — Emergence of Philistine Cultural Configurations
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports causal relationship
Limited ancestry input is one component of the population processes accompanying Philistine cultural emergence.
entity Ashkelon
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity record
Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Ashkelon.
entity Philistine City System
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity record
Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Philistine City System.
entity Philistines
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity record
Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Philistines.
entity Ashkelon Ancient-DNA Dataset
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity record
Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Ashkelon Ancient-DNA Dataset.
causal hypothesis Migration and Warfare-Dominated Collapse
supports · supports model component
Supports one or more evidential components of Migration and Warfare-Dominated Collapse.
property Possible Migrant Population
supports · supports property definition
Supports the definition or scholarly use of the property Possible Migrant Population.
property Population Replacement Not Established
supports · supports property definition
Supports the definition or scholarly use of the property Population Replacement Not Established.
property Archaeogenetic Evidence
supports · supports property definition
Supports the definition or scholarly use of the property Archaeogenetic Evidence.
property Migration or Mobility Evidence
supports · supports property definition
Supports the definition or scholarly use of the property Migration or Mobility Evidence.
relationship Emergence of Philistine Cultural Configurations — occurred in — Ashkelon
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Emergence of Philistine Cultural Configurations is geographically assigned to Ashkelon.
relationship Philistines — participated in — Emergence of Philistine Cultural Configurations
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Philistines is a participant, evidential object, or directly involved entity in Emergence of Philistine Cultural Configurations.
relationship Philistine City System — participated in — Emergence of Philistine Cultural Configurations
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Philistine City System is a participant, evidential object, or directly involved entity in Emergence of Philistine Cultural Configurations.
relationship Ashkelon Ancient-DNA Dataset — provides evidence for — Early Iron Age European-Related Gene Flow at Ashkelon
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
The Ashkelon genomes provide evidence for a transient European-related ancestry component.
relationship Peleset — possibly identified as — Philistines
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
The Peleset are commonly associated with the Philistines through name, chronology, and southern Levantine context.
relationship Philistine City System — located in — Southern Levant
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Philistine City System is located in or geographically associated with Southern Levant.
relationship Ashkelon — located in — Southern Levant
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Ashkelon is located in or geographically associated with Southern Levant.
relationship Philistines — located in — Southern Levant
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Philistines is located in or geographically associated with Southern Levant.
relationship Ashkelon Ancient-DNA Dataset — located in — Southern Levant
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Ashkelon Ancient-DNA Dataset is located in or geographically associated with Southern Levant.
relationship Ashkelon — member city of — Philistine City System
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Ashkelon became one of the principal Philistine cities in the Early Iron Age.
relationship Early Iron Age European-Related Gene Flow at Ashkelon — occurred in — Ashkelon
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Early Iron Age European-Related Gene Flow at Ashkelon is geographically assigned to Ashkelon.
relationship Ashkelon Ancient-DNA Dataset — participated in — Early Iron Age European-Related Gene Flow at Ashkelon
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Ashkelon Ancient-DNA Dataset is a participant, evidential object, or directly involved entity in Early Iron Age European-Related Gene Flow at Ashkelon.
relationship Philistines — participated in — Early Iron Age European-Related Gene Flow at Ashkelon
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Philistines is a participant, evidential object, or directly involved entity in Early Iron Age European-Related Gene Flow at Ashkelon.
relationship Emergence of Philistine Cultural Configurations — occurred in — Southern Levant
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Emergence of Philistine Cultural Configurations is geographically assigned to Southern Levant.