secondary · src_fischer_2019_hst
Hala Sultan Tekke, Cyprus: A Late Bronze Age Trade Metropolis
Peter M. Fischer · 2019
Citation metadata
- Type
- peer-reviewed journal article
- Publication
- Near Eastern Archaeology, vol. 82, no. 4, 236–247
- Peer reviewed
- Yes
Records informed by this source
- date assertion Larnaca Bay Late Bronze Age landscape — date assertioninforms · contextualizes · Hala Sultan Tekke harbour-city setting and geophysics
Supports lagoonal access and urban trade context.
- entity Larnaca Bay Late Bronze Age landscapeEvidence confidence: highinforms · contextualizes · Hala Sultan Tekke harbour-city setting and geophysics
Supports lagoonal access and urban trade context.
- date assertion Final destruction and abandonment of Hala Sultan Tekke — date assertionEvidence confidence: highinforms · dates · Final Stratum 2 chronology
Preferred excavator-led mid-twelfth-century range, still broader than an exact calendar year.
- date assertion Final destruction and abandonment of Hala Sultan Tekke — date assertionEvidence confidence: moderateinforms · dates · Late ceramic sequence
A broader ceramic bracket sometimes used for the final Hala Sultan Tekke horizon; it is retained separately from the preferred mid-twelfth-century excavation model.
- relationship Final destruction and abandonment of Hala Sultan Tekke — occurred at or affected — Hala Sultan Tekke / Dromolaxia-VyzatziaEvidence confidence: highinforms · dates and interprets · Final Stratum 2 and abandonment
Provides the excavator's chronology and interpretation.
- date assertion Final destruction and abandonment of Hala Sultan Tekke — date assertionEvidence confidence: highinforms · dates and interprets · Final Stratum 2 and abandonment
Provides the excavator's chronology and interpretation.
- event Final destruction and abandonment of Hala Sultan TekkeEvidence confidence: highinforms · dates and interprets · Final Stratum 2 and abandonment
Provides the excavator's chronology and interpretation.
- relationship Research record — associated withEvidence confidence: highinforms · dates and interprets · Final Stratum 2 and abandonment
Provides the excavator's chronology and interpretation.
- relationship Research record — associated withEvidence confidence: highinforms · dates and interprets · Final Stratum 2 and abandonment
Provides the excavator's chronology and interpretation.
- relationship Final destruction and abandonment of Hala Sultan Tekke — occurred at or affected — Larnaca Bay Late Bronze Age landscapeEvidence confidence: highinforms · dates and interprets · Final Stratum 2 and abandonment
Provides the excavator's chronology and interpretation.
- property Coastal exchange nodeinforms · defines property · Hala Sultan Tekke coastal exchange evidence
Provides one well-documented example.
- property Harbour or anchorage candidateinforms · defines property · Salt-lake protected bay setting
Provides palaeogeographic anchorage model.
- date assertion Hala Sultan Tekke urban and maritime expansion — date assertionEvidence confidence: very highinforms · provides archaeological observation · Urban scale, industries, trade and palaeogeography
Documents the metropolis and harbour setting.
- entity Hala Sultan Tekke / Dromolaxia-VyzatziaEvidence confidence: very highinforms · provides archaeological observation · Urban extent, industries, imports, and occupation range
Provides project synthesis.
- date assertion Hala Sultan Tekke / Dromolaxia-Vyzatzia — date assertioninforms · provides archaeological observation · Urban extent, industries, imports, and occupation range
Provides project synthesis.
- entity Coastal merchant and exchange householdsEvidence confidence: moderateinforms · provides archaeological observation · Urban trade, storage, and industries
Supports coastal exchange households.
- date assertion Coastal merchant and exchange households — date assertioninforms · provides archaeological observation · Urban trade, storage, and industries
Supports coastal exchange households.
- event Hala Sultan Tekke urban and maritime expansionEvidence confidence: very highinforms · provides archaeological observation · Urban scale, industries, trade and palaeogeography
Documents the metropolis and harbour setting.
- relationship Research record — associated withEvidence confidence: very highinforms · provides archaeological observation · Urban scale, industries, trade and palaeogeography
Documents the metropolis and harbour setting.
- relationship Research record — associated withEvidence confidence: very highinforms · provides archaeological observation · Urban scale, industries, trade and palaeogeography
Documents the metropolis and harbour setting.
- relationship Hala Sultan Tekke / Dromolaxia-Vyzatzia — located within research landscape — Larnaca Bay Late Bronze Age landscapeEvidence confidence: highinforms · provides archaeological observation · Urban extent, industries, imports, and occupation range
Provides project synthesis.
- relationship Hala Sultan Tekke urban and maritime expansion — occurred at or affected — Hala Sultan Tekke / Dromolaxia-VyzatziaEvidence confidence: very highinforms · provides archaeological observation · Urban scale, industries, trade and palaeogeography
Documents the metropolis and harbour setting.
- relationship Hala Sultan Tekke urban and maritime expansion — occurred at or affected — Larnaca Bay Late Bronze Age landscapeEvidence confidence: very highinforms · provides archaeological observation · Urban scale, industries, trade and palaeogeography
Documents the metropolis and harbour setting.
- relationship Coastal merchant and exchange households — participated in — Cyprus eastern Mediterranean maritime interaction zoneEvidence confidence: highinforms · provides case study · Hala Sultan Tekke trade metropolis
Documents coastal exchange and households.
- causal hypothesis Changing coastal access affected settlement fortunesEvidence confidence: lowinforms · provides palaeogeographic context · Protected bay and salt-lake setting
Links urban position to maritime access.
- date assertion Late thirteenth-century disruption at Hala Sultan Tekke — date assertionEvidence confidence: moderateinforms · provides stratigraphic evidence · Late Stratum 3A sequence
Documents the site-specific disruption.
- relationship Late thirteenth-century disruption at Hala Sultan Tekke — occurred at or affected — Hala Sultan Tekke / Dromolaxia-VyzatziaEvidence confidence: moderateinforms · provides stratigraphic evidence · Late Stratum 3A sequence
Documents the site-specific disruption.
- relationship Twelfth-century reoccupation at Hala Sultan Tekke — occurred at or affected — Hala Sultan Tekke / Dromolaxia-VyzatziaEvidence confidence: highinforms · provides stratigraphic evidence · Stratum 2 and final occupation
Documents renewed occupation.
- relationship Research record — associated withEvidence confidence: highinforms · provides stratigraphic evidence · Stratum 2 and final occupation
Documents renewed occupation.
- event Twelfth-century reoccupation at Hala Sultan TekkeEvidence confidence: highinforms · provides stratigraphic evidence · Stratum 2 and final occupation
Documents renewed occupation.
- event Late thirteenth-century disruption at Hala Sultan TekkeEvidence confidence: moderateinforms · provides stratigraphic evidence · Late Stratum 3A sequence
Documents the site-specific disruption.
- relationship Research record — associated withEvidence confidence: moderateinforms · provides stratigraphic evidence · Late Stratum 3A sequence
Documents the site-specific disruption.
- date assertion Twelfth-century reoccupation at Hala Sultan Tekke — date assertionEvidence confidence: highinforms · provides stratigraphic evidence · Stratum 2 and final occupation
Documents renewed occupation.
- property assignment Hala Sultan Tekke / Dromolaxia-Vyzatzia — has evidence classification — Site-specific destruction sequenceEvidence confidence: highinforms · supports assignment · Stratigraphic sequence
Late strata preserve disruption, reoccupation, and final abandonment rather than one event.
- property assignment Hala Sultan Tekke / Dromolaxia-Vyzatzia — has evidence classification — Coastal exchange nodeEvidence confidence: very highinforms · supports assignment · Site setting and finds
Urban scale, protected-bay setting, imported goods, storage, and industries demonstrate a major exchange node.
- property assignment Hala Sultan Tekke / Dromolaxia-Vyzatzia — has evidence classification — Harbour or anchorage candidateEvidence confidence: highinforms · supports assignment · Introduction and palaeogeographic setting
The Larnaca Salt Lake was a protected bay in the Late Bronze Age, supporting anchorage, though installations and shoreline changed.
- geography assertion Larnaca Bay Late Bronze Age landscape — geography assertioninforms · supports reconstruction · Hala Sultan Tekke, Kition, Pyla, lagoon, and coastal-access synthesis
Schematic coastal interaction zone for comparing nearby but distinct settlements, lagoons, anchorages, cemeteries, and hinterlands. It is not a coastline reconstruction or sovereignty claim.
- claim Cypriot destruction horizons near the thirteenth–twelfth-century transition are not securely demonstrated to be synchronous across Enkomi, Hala Sultan Tekke, Sinda, Maa, Pyla, K…Evidence confidence: highsupports · provides site sequence · Hala Sultan Tekke late strata
Shows a distinct late sequence.
- claim Hala Sultan Tekke and Enkomi should not be assigned one shared abandonment event: Hala Sultan Tekke ended in the mid-twelfth century, while Enkomi continued into the eleventh ce…Evidence confidence: highsupports · supports · Hala Sultan Tekke final chronology
Provides the mid-twelfth-century endpoint.
- claim Hala Sultan Tekke's final urban abandonment is generally placed in the mid-twelfth century BCE, after an earlier disruption and reoccupation.Evidence confidence: highsupports · supports · Late strata and final abandonment
Provides the excavation chronology.