Bronze Age World

Citation metadata

Type: journal article
Publication: PLOS ONE, vol. 19, no. 6, e0301775
Peer reviewed: Yes

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causal hypothesis Economic and Exchange-Network Cascade
contradicts · challenges model
Provides evidence or reasoning against Economic and Exchange-Network Cascade.
causal hypothesis Climate-Dominated Collapse
contradicts · challenges model
Provides evidence or reasoning against Climate-Dominated Collapse.
claim Local crop and animal isotope evidence does not show severe, sustained agricultural water stress at Tell Tweini across the transition.
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · establishes
Supports the claim: Local crop and animal isotope evidence does not show severe, sustained agricultural water stress at Tell Tweini across the transition.
date assertion Agricultural Resilience at Tell Tweini across the Transition — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · establishes · results and discussion
event Agricultural Resilience at Tell Tweini across the Transition
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · establishes · results and discussion
Source relationship recorded for Agricultural Resilience at Tell Tweini across the Transition.
claim Agricultural Resilience at Tell Tweini across the Transition is best dated in this release to Late Bronze to Early Iron Age sequence.
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports
Supports the claim: Agricultural Resilience at Tell Tweini across the Transition is best dated in this release to Late Bronze to Early Iron Age sequence.
claim Tell Tweini’s plant and animal isotope record does not support severe sustained local agricultural water stress across the Late Bronze–Early Iron transition.
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports
Supports the claim: Tell Tweini’s plant and animal isotope record does not support severe sustained local agricultural water stress across the Late Bronze–Early Iron transition.
claim No single local drought or moisture proxy should be generalized to the entire eastern Mediterranean without testing spatial representativeness and proxy agreement.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports
Supports the claim: No single local drought or moisture proxy should be generalized to the entire eastern Mediterranean without testing spatial representativeness and proxy agreement.
property assignment Agricultural Resilience at Tell Tweini across the Transition — has property — Resilient Continuity
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
Subsistence evidence indicates adaptation rather than simple agricultural collapse.
property assignment Tell Tweini Plant and Animal Isotope Dataset — has property — Environmental Proxy Evidence
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
Plant and animal isotopes provide direct evidence about agricultural water management and subsistence at Tell Tweini.
property assignment Tell Tweini Plant and Animal Isotope Dataset — has property — Local Proxy, Not Automatic Regional Generalization
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
The dataset demonstrates local agricultural strategies and cannot by itself define conditions across the entire Levant.
property assignment Agricultural Resilience at Tell Tweini across the Transition — has evidence scope — Local Proxy, Not Automatic Regional Generalization
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
Tell Tweini demonstrates local agricultural adaptation and cannot be treated as proof that all Levantine regions experienced the same conditions.
entity Tell Tweini Plant and Animal Isotope Dataset
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity record
Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Tell Tweini Plant and Animal Isotope Dataset.
entity Tell Tweini
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity record
Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Tell Tweini.
causal hypothesis Multiple Largely Independent Regional Crises
supports · supports model component
Supports one or more evidential components of Multiple Largely Independent Regional Crises.
property Environmental Proxy Evidence
supports · supports property definition
Supports the definition or scholarly use of the property Environmental Proxy Evidence.
property Local Proxy, Not Automatic Regional Generalization
supports · supports property definition
Supports the definition or scholarly use of the property Local Proxy, Not Automatic Regional Generalization.
property Resilient Continuity
supports · supports property definition
Supports the definition or scholarly use of the property Resilient Continuity.
relationship Agricultural Resilience at Tell Tweini across the Transition — affected — Tell Tweini Plant and Animal Isotope Dataset
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Agricultural Resilience at Tell Tweini across the Transition directly affected Tell Tweini Plant and Animal Isotope Dataset in this reconstruction.
relationship Tell Tweini — located in — Northern Levant
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Tell Tweini is located in or geographically associated with Northern Levant.
relationship Tell Tweini Plant and Animal Isotope Dataset — measures — Agricultural Resilience at Tell Tweini across the Transition
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
The isotope dataset measures crop and animal-management responses across the transition.
relationship Tell Tweini Plant and Animal Isotope Dataset — located in — Northern Levant
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Tell Tweini Plant and Animal Isotope Dataset is located in or geographically associated with Northern Levant.
relationship Agricultural Resilience at Tell Tweini across the Transition — occurred in — Tell Tweini
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Agricultural Resilience at Tell Tweini across the Transition is geographically assigned to Tell Tweini.