Bronze Age World

Citation metadata

Type: edited academic volume
Publication: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
Peer reviewed: Yes

Open DOI or stable record (opens in a new tab)

Records informed by this source

claim The palace at Mycenae was destroyed, but the date is broader and less synchronized than a single 1200 BCE horizon suggests.
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · establishes
Supports the claim: The palace at Mycenae was destroyed, but the date is broader and less synchronized than a single 1200 BCE horizon suggests.
claim A major fire ended the palatial phase at Tiryns; warfare or deliberate arson is plausible but not certain.
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · establishes
Supports the claim: A major fire ended the palatial phase at Tiryns; warfare or deliberate arson is plausible but not certain.
event Destruction or Annexation of Iklaina
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · establishes · Iklaina chapters
Source relationship recorded for Destruction or Annexation of Iklaina.
claim Pylos was violently destroyed, but a revised synchronization places the final palace later than the standard circa-1200 date.
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · establishes
Supports the claim: Pylos was violently destroyed, but a revised synchronization places the final palace later than the standard circa-1200 date.
claim Iklaina ceased to function as an independent centre before the final destruction at Pylos, possibly through destruction or annexation.
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · establishes
Supports the claim: Iklaina ceased to function as an independent centre before the final destruction at Pylos, possibly through destruction or annexation.
claim The final palatial destruction at Thebes belonged to a sequence that was not necessarily simultaneous with Pylos or all Argolid centres.
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · establishes
Supports the claim: The final palatial destruction at Thebes belonged to a sequence that was not necessarily simultaneous with Pylos or all Argolid centres.
date assertion Final Palatial Destruction at Thebes — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · establishes · Thebes chapter
date assertion Dissolution of the Mycenaean Palatial Administrative System — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
informs · establishes · entire volume
event Final Palatial Destruction at Thebes
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · establishes · Thebes chapter
Source relationship recorded for Final Palatial Destruction at Thebes.
event Dissolution of the Mycenaean Palatial Administrative System
Evidence confidence: high
informs · establishes · entire volume
Source relationship recorded for Dissolution of the Mycenaean Palatial Administrative System.
event Final Destruction of the Palace at Mycenae
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · establishes · Mycenae chapters and introduction
Source relationship recorded for Final Destruction of the Palace at Mycenae.
date assertion Final Destruction of the Palace at Mycenae — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · establishes · Mycenae chapters and introduction
date assertion Destruction or Annexation of Iklaina — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · establishes · Iklaina chapters
claim Palatial administrations disappeared across mainland Greece through a staggered sequence of destructions, abandonments and political reorganization.
Evidence confidence: high
informs · establishes
Supports the claim: Palatial administrations disappeared across mainland Greece through a staggered sequence of destructions, abandonments and political reorganization.
date assertion Destruction of the Palace at Tiryns — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides date · Tiryns chapters
event Destruction of the Palace at Tiryns
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides date · Tiryns chapters
Source relationship recorded for Destruction of the Palace at Tiryns.
date assertion Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides date · Pylos chapter
event Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides date · Pylos chapter
Source relationship recorded for Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos.
chronology model Revised LH IIIC Early Pylos chronology
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides or supports date model
Supports or discusses the chronology model Revised LH IIIC Early Pylos chronology.
chronology model Conventional c.1200 BCE Pylos chronology
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides or supports date model
Supports or discusses the chronology model Conventional c.1200 BCE Pylos chronology.
claim Final Destruction of the Palace at Mycenae is best dated in this release to within later LH IIIB, broadly before or around 1200 BCE.
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports
Supports the claim: Final Destruction of the Palace at Mycenae is best dated in this release to within later LH IIIB, broadly before or around 1200 BCE.
claim Destruction of the Palace at Tiryns is best dated in this release to end of LH IIIB / transition to LH IIIC.
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports
Supports the claim: Destruction of the Palace at Tiryns is best dated in this release to end of LH IIIB / transition to LH IIIC.
claim Destruction or Annexation of Iklaina is best dated in this release to mid-LH IIIB.
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports
Supports the claim: Destruction or Annexation of Iklaina is best dated in this release to mid-LH IIIB.
claim Final Palatial Destruction at Thebes is best dated in this release to late LH IIIB, around the end of the 13th century BCE.
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports
Supports the claim: Final Palatial Destruction at Thebes is best dated in this release to late LH IIIB, around the end of the 13th century BCE.
claim There was no single, securely demonstrated, synchronous destruction horizon spanning the entire eastern Mediterranean around 1200 BCE.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports
Supports the claim: There was no single, securely demonstrated, synchronous destruction horizon spanning the entire eastern Mediterranean around 1200 BCE.
claim Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos is best dated in this release to competing models: around 1200 BCE or LH IIIC Early, 1190/80–1150 BCE.
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports
Supports the claim: Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos is best dated in this release to competing models: around 1200 BCE or LH IIIC Early, 1190/80–1150 BCE.
claim Dissolution of the Mycenaean Palatial Administrative System is best dated in this release to late 13th to mid-12th century BCE, varying by centre.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports
Supports the claim: Dissolution of the Mycenaean Palatial Administrative System is best dated in this release to late 13th to mid-12th century BCE, varying by centre.
property assignment Final Palatial Destruction at Thebes — has research status — Cause Unknown
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
The event is better established than a single definitive cause or attacker identity.
property assignment Final Destruction of the Palace at Mycenae — has research status — Cause Unknown
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
The event is better established than a single definitive cause or attacker identity.
property assignment Destruction of the Palace at Tiryns — is a — Destruction Horizon
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports assignment
Destruction of the Palace at Tiryns is represented as a destruction-related archaeological event; cause and synchronism are modeled separately.
property assignment Destruction of the Palace at Tiryns — has research status — Cause Unknown
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
The event is better established than a single definitive cause or attacker identity.
property assignment Final Palatial Destruction at Thebes — is a — Destruction Horizon
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports assignment
Final Palatial Destruction at Thebes is represented as a destruction-related archaeological event; cause and synchronism are modeled separately.
property assignment Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos — is a — Destruction Horizon
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports assignment
Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos is represented as a destruction-related archaeological event; cause and synchronism are modeled separately.
property assignment Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos — has research status — Cause Unknown
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
The event is better established than a single definitive cause or attacker identity.
property assignment Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos — has research status — Chronology Disputed
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
The date materially depends on competing chronological, ceramic, textual, or archaeological models.
property assignment There was no single, securely demonstrated, synchronous destruction horizon spanning the entire eastern Mediterranean around 1200 BCE. — has property — Historiographic Reassessment
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
This claim revises or audits a conventional collapse narrative using explicit chronological and evidential reassessment.
property assignment Mycenaean Palatial System — belongs to period — Late Bronze Age
Evidence confidence: very high
supports · supports assignment
The Mycenaean palatial system flourished in the Late Bronze Age.
property assignment Mycenaean Palatial System — is core of — Mycenaean World
Evidence confidence: very high
supports · supports assignment
The palatial centres and their territories formed the political-administrative core of the Mycenaean world.
property assignment Mycenaean Palatial System — underwent — Administrative Collapse
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
Palatial administration and Linear B bureaucratic systems ceased at different centres during the late thirteenth and twelfth centuries BCE.
property assignment Destruction or Annexation of Iklaina — is a — Destruction Horizon
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports assignment
Destruction or Annexation of Iklaina is represented as a destruction-related archaeological event; cause and synchronism are modeled separately.
property assignment Destruction or Annexation of Iklaina — has research status — Cause Unknown
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment
The event is better established than a single definitive cause or attacker identity.
property assignment Final Destruction of the Palace at Mycenae — is a — Destruction Horizon
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports assignment
Final Destruction of the Palace at Mycenae is represented as a destruction-related archaeological event; cause and synchronism are modeled separately.
relationship Hekla 3 Eruption — did not cause — Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos
Unsupported explanationConfidence in this assessment: highConfidence in this assessment, not in the proposed story
supports · supports causal relationship
Even the revised Pylos chronology is generally earlier than or insufficiently aligned with the preferred Hekla 3 date for a primary causal role.
relationship Final Destruction of the Palace at Mycenae — contributed to — Dissolution of the Mycenaean Palatial Administrative System
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports causal relationship
The loss of major palace centres contributed to the dissolution of regional palatial administration, but the process was staggered.
entity Thebes
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity record
Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Thebes.
entity Tiryns
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity record
Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Tiryns.
entity Mycenae
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity record
Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Mycenae.
entity Iklaina
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity record
Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Iklaina.
entity Mycenaean Palatial System
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity record
Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Mycenaean Palatial System.
entity Pylos
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity record
Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Pylos.
property Mycenaean World
supports · supports property definition
Supports the definition or scholarly use of the property Mycenaean World.
property Chronology Disputed
supports · supports property definition
Supports the definition or scholarly use of the property Chronology Disputed.
relationship Pylos — located in — Aegean
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Pylos is located in or geographically associated with Aegean.
relationship Iklaina — located in — Aegean
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Iklaina is located in or geographically associated with Aegean.
relationship Mycenae — member centre of — Mycenaean Palatial System
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Mycenae was a major palatial centre within the Mycenaean political world.
relationship Tiryns — member centre of — Mycenaean Palatial System
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Tiryns was a major palatial centre within the Mycenaean political world.
relationship Thebes — member centre of — Mycenaean Palatial System
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Thebes was a palatial centre within the Mycenaean political world.
relationship Pylos — member centre of — Mycenaean Palatial System
Evidence confidence: very high
supports · supports relationship
Pylos was a major palatial centre with a Linear B administrative archive.
relationship Iklaina — incorporated into — Mycenaean Palatial System
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Iklaina appears to have been destroyed or politically absorbed within the Pylian territorial system before the final palace destruction.
relationship Destruction or Annexation of Iklaina — occurred in — Iklaina
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Destruction or Annexation of Iklaina is geographically assigned to Iklaina.
relationship Destruction or Annexation of Iklaina — affected — Iklaina
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Destruction or Annexation of Iklaina directly affected Iklaina in this reconstruction.
relationship Destruction or Annexation of Iklaina — affected — Mycenaean Palatial System
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Destruction or Annexation of Iklaina directly affected Mycenaean Palatial System in this reconstruction.
relationship Final Destruction of the Palace at Mycenae — occurred in — Mycenae
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Final Destruction of the Palace at Mycenae is geographically assigned to Mycenae.
relationship Final Destruction of the Palace at Mycenae — affected — Mycenae
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Final Destruction of the Palace at Mycenae directly affected Mycenae in this reconstruction.
relationship Final Destruction of the Palace at Mycenae — affected — Mycenaean Palatial System
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Final Destruction of the Palace at Mycenae directly affected Mycenaean Palatial System in this reconstruction.
relationship Destruction of the Palace at Tiryns — occurred in — Tiryns
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Destruction of the Palace at Tiryns is geographically assigned to Tiryns.
relationship Destruction of the Palace at Tiryns — affected — Tiryns
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Destruction of the Palace at Tiryns directly affected Tiryns in this reconstruction.
relationship Destruction of the Palace at Tiryns — affected — Mycenaean Palatial System
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Destruction of the Palace at Tiryns directly affected Mycenaean Palatial System in this reconstruction.
relationship Final Palatial Destruction at Thebes — occurred in — Thebes
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Final Palatial Destruction at Thebes is geographically assigned to Thebes.
relationship Final Palatial Destruction at Thebes — affected — Thebes
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Final Palatial Destruction at Thebes directly affected Thebes in this reconstruction.
relationship Final Palatial Destruction at Thebes — affected — Mycenaean Palatial System
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Final Palatial Destruction at Thebes directly affected Mycenaean Palatial System in this reconstruction.
relationship Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos — occurred in — Pylos
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos is geographically assigned to Pylos.
relationship Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos — affected — Pylos
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos directly affected Pylos in this reconstruction.
relationship Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos — affected — Mycenaean Palatial System
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos directly affected Mycenaean Palatial System in this reconstruction.
relationship Dissolution of the Mycenaean Palatial Administrative System — occurred in — Aegean
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Dissolution of the Mycenaean Palatial Administrative System is geographically assigned to Aegean.
relationship Dissolution of the Mycenaean Palatial Administrative System — affected — Mycenaean Palatial System
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Dissolution of the Mycenaean Palatial Administrative System directly affected Mycenaean Palatial System in this reconstruction.
relationship Conventional c.1200 BCE Pylos chronology — chronologically depends on — Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
The conventional Pylos date depends on the traditional end-LH IIIB synchronization of palace destructions.
relationship Revised LH IIIC Early Pylos chronology — chronologically depends on — Final Destruction of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship
The revised model places the final Pylos destruction in LH IIIC Early using renewed ceramic synchronization.
relationship Thebes — located in — Aegean
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Thebes is located in or geographically associated with Aegean.
relationship Tiryns — located in — Aegean
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Tiryns is located in or geographically associated with Aegean.
relationship Mycenae — located in — Aegean
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Mycenae is located in or geographically associated with Aegean.
relationship Mycenaean Palatial System — located in — Aegean
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship
Mycenaean Palatial System is located in or geographically associated with Aegean.