Destruction at the End of the Late Bronze Age in Syria: A Reassessment

Citation metadata

Type

journal article

Publication

Studia Eblaitica, vol. 5, 157–190

Peer reviewed

Yes

Open DOI or stable record (opens in a new tab)

Records informed by this source

• claim Most of Ugarit burned and the city was abandoned; weapon finds strongly support violent assault, but the attackers’ identity is not securely established.
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  informs · establishes

  Supports the claim: Most of Ugarit burned and the city was abandoned; weapon finds strongly support violent assault, but the attackers’ identity is not securely established.

• date assertion Targeted Destruction and Abandonment of Emar — date assertion
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  informs · establishes · Emar section
• event Targeted Destruction and Abandonment of Emar
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  informs · establishes · Emar section

  Source relationship recorded for Targeted Destruction and Abandonment of Emar.

• claim Monumental and religious buildings at Emar burned while many domestic buildings were emptied and left intact, suggesting selective destruction.
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  informs · establishes

  Supports the claim: Monumental and religious buildings at Emar burned while many domestic buildings were emptied and left intact, suggesting selective destruction.

• date assertion Destruction and Abandonment of Ugarit — date assertion
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  informs · supports · Ugarit section
• event Destruction and Abandonment of Ugarit
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports · Ugarit section

  Source relationship recorded for Destruction and Abandonment of Ugarit.

• claim Targeted Destruction and Abandonment of Emar is best dated in this release to approximately 1187–1175 BCE.
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · supports

  Supports the claim: Targeted Destruction and Abandonment of Emar is best dated in this release to approximately 1187–1175 BCE.

• claim Ugarit was probably destroyed in an armed assault, but the archaeological evidence does not by itself identify a unified Sea Peoples force as the attacker.
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports

  Supports the claim: Ugarit was probably destroyed in an armed assault, but the archaeological evidence does not by itself identify a unified Sea Peoples force as the attacker.

• property assignment Targeted Destruction and Abandonment of Emar — has research status — Cause Unknown
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports assignment

  The event is better established than a single definitive cause or attacker identity.

• property assignment Destruction and Abandonment of Ugarit — is a — Violent Destruction
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · supports assignment

  The archaeological and contextual evidence makes deliberate human violence a serious interpretation, while specific attackers remain uncertain.

• property assignment Destruction and Abandonment of Ugarit — has research status — Chronology Disputed
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports assignment

  The date materially depends on competing chronological, ceramic, textual, or archaeological models.

• property assignment Targeted Destruction and Abandonment of Emar — is a — Violent Destruction
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · supports assignment

  The archaeological and contextual evidence makes deliberate human violence a serious interpretation, while specific attackers remain uncertain.

• property assignment Destruction and Abandonment of Ugarit — is a — Destruction Horizon
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports assignment

  Destruction and Abandonment of Ugarit is represented as a destruction-related archaeological event; cause and synchronism are modeled separately.

• property assignment Destruction and Abandonment of Ugarit — has research status — Cause Unknown
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports assignment

  The event is better established than a single definitive cause or attacker identity.

• property assignment Targeted Destruction and Abandonment of Emar — is a — Destruction Horizon
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · supports assignment

  Targeted Destruction and Abandonment of Emar is represented as a destruction-related archaeological event; cause and synchronism are modeled separately.

• entity Kingdom of Ugarit
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports entity record

  Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Kingdom of Ugarit.

• entity Northern Levant
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports entity record

  Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Northern Levant.

• entity Emar
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports entity record

  Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Emar.

• entity Ugarit / Ras Shamra
  Evidence confidence: ◈ very high
  supports · supports entity record

  Supports the existence, description, classification, or historical context of Ugarit.

• property Violent Destruction
  supports · supports property definition

  Supports the definition or scholarly use of the property Violent Destruction.

• relationship Kingdom of Ugarit — located in — Northern Levant
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports relationship

  Kingdom of Ugarit is located in or geographically associated with Northern Levant.

• relationship Ugarit / Ras Shamra — located in — Northern Levant
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports relationship

  Ugarit is located in or geographically associated with Northern Levant.

• relationship Emar — located in — Northern Levant
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports relationship

  Emar is located in or geographically associated with Northern Levant.

• relationship Ugarit / Ras Shamra — capital of — Kingdom of Ugarit
  Evidence confidence: ◈ very high
  supports · supports relationship

  The archaeological site of Ugarit was the capital of the kingdom of Ugarit.

• relationship Destruction and Abandonment of Ugarit — occurred in — Ugarit / Ras Shamra
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports relationship

  Destruction and Abandonment of Ugarit is geographically assigned to Ugarit.

• relationship Destruction and Abandonment of Ugarit — affected — Ugarit / Ras Shamra
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports relationship

  Destruction and Abandonment of Ugarit directly affected Ugarit in this reconstruction.

• relationship Destruction and Abandonment of Ugarit — affected — Kingdom of Ugarit
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports relationship

  Destruction and Abandonment of Ugarit directly affected Kingdom of Ugarit in this reconstruction.

• relationship Targeted Destruction and Abandonment of Emar — occurred in — Emar
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · supports relationship

  Targeted Destruction and Abandonment of Emar is geographically assigned to Emar.

• relationship Northern Levant — part of — Eastern Mediterranean
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports relationship

  Northern Levant is represented as part of Eastern Mediterranean.

• relationship Targeted Destruction and Abandonment of Emar — affected — Emar
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · supports relationship

  Targeted Destruction and Abandonment of Emar directly affected Emar in this reconstruction.