Bronze Age World

Citation metadata

Type: journal article
Publication: Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, vol. 241, 1-28
Peer reviewed: Yes

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event Contraction and end of New Kingdom administration in the southern Levant
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · chronology of imperial presence
Provides regional framework.
entity Egyptian administrators and garrison communities in Canaan
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · pp. 1-28
Provides regional imperial framework and cautions.
date assertion Egyptian administrators and garrison communities in Canaan — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · pp. 1-28
Provides regional imperial framework and cautions.
entity Mercenary and mixed service communities
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · military and administrative evidence
Supports mixed imperial service contexts.
date assertion Mercenary and mixed service communities — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · military and administrative evidence
Supports mixed imperial service contexts.
event Egyptian imperial hegemony over Late Bronze Canaan
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · pp. 1-28
Provides the regional imperial reassessment.
event Late Bronze Egyptian-linked copper production at Timna
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Egyptian Levantine reach
Provides wider imperial context.
claim Philistia should not be mapped as a fixed Late Bronze Age territory before Philistine-associated Iron Age settlement and political evidence appears.
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · contextualizes · Late Bronze coastal imperial system
Shows earlier political context.
causal hypothesis Egyptian withdrawal as opportunity amplifier
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · imperial mechanisms and decline
Regional framework.
date assertion Egyptian imperial hegemony over Late Bronze Canaan — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · pp. 1-28
Provides the regional imperial reassessment.
date assertion Contraction and end of New Kingdom administration in the southern Levant — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · chronology of imperial presence
Provides regional framework.
date assertion Late Bronze Egyptian-linked copper production at Timna — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Egyptian Levantine reach
Provides wider imperial context.
geography assertion Jaffa — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Egyptian administration and garrison evidence
Supports identification and archaeological location of Jaffa; the point is a representative site locator, not an excavation footprint.
geography assertion Aphek — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · imperial sites and administrative evidence
Supports identification and archaeological location of Aphek; the point is a representative site locator, not an excavation footprint.
geography assertion Deir el-Balah — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · southern coastal Egyptian material context
Supports identification and archaeological location of Deir el-Balah; the point is a representative site locator, not an excavation footprint.
claim Egyptian control in Late Bronze Canaan was spatially and chronologically uneven, combining direct garrisons with indirect rule and local political agency.
Evidence confidence: high
informs · proposes interpretation · pp. 1-28
Regional imperial model.
date assertion Jaffa — date assertion
informs · provides archaeological observation · Egyptian administration and garrison evidence
Supports the site description, phase range, or principal research relevance.
date assertion Deir el-Balah — date assertion
informs · provides archaeological observation · southern coastal Egyptian material context
Supports the site description, phase range, or principal research relevance.
relationship Aphek — located in — Southern coastal plain and Philistia research zone
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides archaeological observation · imperial sites and administrative evidence
Supports the site description, phase range, or principal research relevance.
relationship Jaffa — located in — Southern coastal plain and Philistia research zone
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides archaeological observation · Egyptian administration and garrison evidence
Supports the site description, phase range, or principal research relevance.
relationship Deir el-Balah — located in — Southern coastal plain and Philistia research zone
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides archaeological observation · southern coastal Egyptian material context
Supports the site description, phase range, or principal research relevance.
entity Deir el-Balah
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides archaeological observation · southern coastal Egyptian material context
Supports the site description, phase range, or principal research relevance.
entity Aphek
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides archaeological observation · imperial sites and administrative evidence
Supports the site description, phase range, or principal research relevance.
date assertion Aphek — date assertion
informs · provides archaeological observation · imperial sites and administrative evidence
Supports the site description, phase range, or principal research relevance.
entity Jaffa
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides archaeological observation · Egyptian administration and garrison evidence
Supports the site description, phase range, or principal research relevance.
geography assertion Southern Levant — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: low
informs · supports distribution · pp. 1-28; map and discussion of imperial sites
Supports a network of direct administrative sites, routes, and varying influence rather than one uniform province.