What is the evidence?

observation

Chap I contains domestic architecture, crops, livestock, processing tools and local irrigation features at high altitude.

Inspect the sources →
Review and provenance

Specialist reviewer: not recorded. Review date: not recorded.

Dataset workflow: proposed. This is separate from specialist review.

Confidence describes the stated assessment; it does not certify expert approval. How review works.

Chronology

Dating intervals may describe uncertainty or phases; their width alone does not establish event duration.

Preferred assertion

1065 BCE–825 BCE

Precision: range

high

Chap has direct dates but local features should not be projected valley-wide.

Interpretation and caveats

A mixed farmstead economy with close sheep and goat management operated near the end of the Bronze Age, showing adaptation rather than an exclusively mobile system.

Event context

Classification

Event type: high altitude agropastoral farmstead

Evidence layer: archaeological

Timeline role: regional core

Why it matters to the timeline

Chap is the best-dated core case for Kyrgyz highland farming, irrigation and pastoral management.

Research notes

  • Provides the farmstead record. Role: provides archaeological observation. Locator: Excavation, radiocarbon, crops and irrigation.
  • Supports wool-oriented sheep management. Role: provides scientific evidence. Locator: ZooMS and herd profile.
  • Documents varied caprine management. Role: provides scientific evidence. Locator: Stable-isotope husbandry results.

Evidence and sources

Where to go next

Referenced records