Bronze Age World

Citation metadata

Type: journal article
Publication: Journal of Field Archaeology, vol. 45, no. 1, 29-45
Peer reviewed: Yes

Open DOI or stable record (opens in a new tab)

Records informed by this source

entity Tien Shan highlands and piedmonts
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Introduction, landscape setting and excavation results
Supports high-altitude agropastoral occupation and local irrigation.
date assertion Tien Shan highlands and piedmonts — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Introduction, landscape setting and excavation results
Supports high-altitude agropastoral occupation and local irrigation.
geography assertion Tien Shan highlands and piedmonts — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Landscape and high-altitude settlement discussion
Supports the non-geometric spatial description.
geography assertion Chap I farmstead — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Excavated farmstead and local irrigation features
Supports the non-geometric spatial description.
relationship Chap I farmstead — located in — Tien Shan highlands and piedmonts
Evidence confidence: high
informs · locates · Site setting
Provides the location and elevation.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides archaeological observation · Excavation, radiocarbon, crops and irrigation
Provides the farmstead record.
entity Chap I farmstead
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides archaeological observation · Excavation, radiocarbon and landscape results
Provides the farmstead chronology and irrigation evidence.
event High-altitude farming and herding at Chap I
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides archaeological observation · Excavation, radiocarbon, crops and irrigation
Provides the farmstead record.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides archaeological observation · Excavation, radiocarbon, crops and irrigation
Provides the farmstead record.
causal hypothesis Integrated crops, local irrigation and close caprine management supported persistent high-altitude residence at Chap I.
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides archaeological observation · Farmstead, crops and irrigation
Provides the integrated system.
relationship Chap I farmstead — documents — Tien Shan highlands and piedmonts
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides archaeological observation · Farmstead and landscape evidence
Provides the core case.
date assertion High-altitude farming and herding at Chap I — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides archaeological observation · Excavation, radiocarbon, crops and irrigation
Provides the farmstead record.
date assertion Chap I farmstead — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides archaeological observation · Excavation, radiocarbon and landscape results
Provides the farmstead chronology and irrigation evidence.
claim Mobile pastoralism, seasonal settlement, farming and oasis residence formed overlapping strategies rather than two sealed populations.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides archaeological observation · High-altitude farmstead
Shows farming and herding integration.
claim Tien Shan and Pamir-Alay highland economies included farming, close herd management, seasonal movement and exchange in varying combinations.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides archaeological observation · Farmstead, crops and irrigation
Provides a farming case.
claim Irrigation features must be dated locally; proximity to a Bronze Age settlement does not date an entire canal network.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides archaeological observation · Local irrigation features at Chap
Provides a site-specific case.