What is the evidence?

observation

Different regions developed local centres, elite networks and mortuary practices during reduced central control.

Inspect the sources →
Review and provenance

Specialist reviewer: not recorded. Review date: not recorded.

Dataset workflow: proposed. This is separate from specialist review.

Confidence describes the stated assessment; it does not certify expert approval. How review works.

Chronology

Dating intervals may describe uncertainty or phases; their width alone does not establish event duration.

Preferred assertion

2181 BCE–2055 BCE

Precision: range

high

Preferred display range for this release. It does not suppress model-specific dates, regnal uncertainty or alternative period boundaries recorded elsewhere.

  • supports · provides provincial case
    Qau el-Kebir — Wolfram Grajetzki (2012)

    Supports regional variation and continuity.


    Locator: First Intermediate cemeteries at Qau el-Kebir
  • supports · provides regional case
    El-Mo’alla to El-Deir — Colleen Manassa (2011)

    Supports local political and social reconstruction.


    Locator: Regional centres and Ankhtifi evidence

Interpretation and caveats

Political fragmentation coexisted with settlement, economic and cultural continuity; regional trajectories should be shown separately.

Event context

Classification

Event type: regional political and social reorganization

Evidence layer: historical and archaeological

Timeline role: regional core

Why it matters to the timeline

Prevents the period from being represented as an empty collapse interval.

Research notes

  • Supports local political and social reconstruction. Role: provides regional case. Locator: Regional centres and Ankhtifi evidence.
  • Supports regional variation and continuity. Role: provides provincial case. Locator: First Intermediate cemeteries at Qau el-Kebir.

Evidence and sources

  • supports · provides provincial case
    Qau el-Kebir — Wolfram Grajetzki (2012)

    Supports regional variation and continuity.


    Locator: First Intermediate cemeteries at Qau el-Kebir
  • supports · provides regional case
    El-Mo’alla to El-Deir — Colleen Manassa (2011)

    Supports local political and social reconstruction.


    Locator: Regional centres and Ankhtifi evidence

Where to go next

Referenced records