Bronze Age World

Reading ancient testimony

Ask who produced the document, for whom, and for what purpose. Distinguish its ancient creation from its modern edition or translation. Survival and excavation shape what can be read today.

Use the linked edition and reliability notes for the author, audience, transmission and limits of this particular source. Missing information is not an assurance of neutrality.

Document and modern access

Type: encyclopedia_article
Publication: Not specified

Open DOI or stable record (opens in a new tab)

Records informed by this source

relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides regional case · Regional centres and Ankhtifi evidence
Supports local political and social reconstruction.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides regional case · Regional centres and Ankhtifi evidence
Supports local political and social reconstruction.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides regional case · Regional centres and Ankhtifi evidence
Supports local political and social reconstruction.
relationship First Intermediate regional systems and local continuity — occurred at or involved — Elephantine
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides regional case · Regional centres and Ankhtifi evidence
Supports local political and social reconstruction.
relationship First Intermediate regional systems and local continuity — occurred at or involved — Thebes
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides regional case · Regional centres and Ankhtifi evidence
Supports local political and social reconstruction.
relationship Provincial elites and officials — involved or associated with — First Intermediate regional systems and local continuity
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides regional case · Regional centres and Ankhtifi evidence
Supports local political and social reconstruction.
relationship Herakleopolitan royal formation — involved or associated with — First Intermediate regional systems and local continuity
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides regional case · Regional centres and Ankhtifi evidence
Supports local political and social reconstruction.
relationship Theban Dynasty 11 kingdom — involved or associated with — First Intermediate regional systems and local continuity
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides regional case · Regional centres and Ankhtifi evidence
Supports local political and social reconstruction.
date assertion First Intermediate regional systems and local continuity — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides regional case · Regional centres and Ankhtifi evidence
Supports local political and social reconstruction.
event First Intermediate regional systems and local continuity
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides regional case · Regional centres and Ankhtifi evidence
Supports local political and social reconstruction.
relationship First Intermediate regional systems and local continuity — occurred at or involved — Beni Hasan
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides regional case · Regional centres and Ankhtifi evidence
Supports local political and social reconstruction.
claim The First Intermediate Period was not a uniform nationwide cultural and settlement collapse.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports claim · Regional Upper Egyptian evidence
Supports the claim and its qualifications.
claim Nome and administrative-geography reconstructions are period-dependent and should not be projected unchanged across three millennia.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports claim · Regional centres and nome history
Supports the claim and its qualifications.
geography assertion First Intermediate regional systems and local continuity — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports geographic assertion · Upper Egyptian regional political reconstruction
Supports named nodes, control distinctions and uncertainty.