Review and provenance

Specialist reviewer: not recorded. Review date: not recorded.

Dataset workflow: proposed. This is separate from specialist review.

Confidence describes the stated assessment; it does not certify expert approval. How review works.

Geography and uncertainty

geometry type

dated_network_or_control_assertion_without_polygon

coordinate status

no_geometry_intentionally_supplied

coordinate confidence

high

reconstruction method

Evidence-linked network of named centres and relationship types. No polygon is supplied because a fixed defensible boundary is unavailable.

valid from

era
BCE
year
1650

valid to

era
BCE
year
1550

explanation

Avaris, Thebes and Kerma were simultaneous centres with changing and incompletely known zones of reach.

uncertainty warning

Not a modern state border. Direct administration, claim, military reach, tribute, settlement and uncertainty are kept distinct.

Evidence and sources

  • supports · supports geographic assertion
    Second Intermediate Period — Alexander Ilin-Tomich (2016)

    Supports named nodes, control distinctions and uncertainty.


    Locator: Political history and chronology

Where to go next

Referenced records