Review and provenance

Specialist reviewer: not recorded. Review date: not recorded.

Dataset workflow: proposed. This is separate from specialist review.

Confidence describes the stated assessment; it does not certify expert approval. How review works.

Chronology

Dating intervals may describe uncertainty or phases; their width alone does not establish event duration.

Preferred assertion

1210 BCE–1200 BCE

Precision: approximate

  • informs · provides primary evidence
    Israel in the Merneptah Stela — Michael G. Hasel (1994)

    Supports reading Israel as a people in Canaan while leaving exact location and social scale uncertain.


    Locator: Merneptah Stela Israel line and determinative discussion

Research description

A population called Israel in Merneptah's victory text, treated as a source-specific late-thirteenth-century designation. The record preserves the distinction between source label, archaeological pattern, political formation, and later identity.

Properties and assignments

A label’s definition and the evidence for assigning it here are separate.

Ancient external designation
What does this label mean?

A name applied by an outside ancient source to a group, place, or polity.

Full property definition

Why does this record have this property?

Merneptah's Israel is a name used by an Egyptian royal source, not a recovered self-description.

very highStatus: proposed

Evidence and sources

  • informs · provides primary evidence
    Israel in the Merneptah Stela — Michael G. Hasel (1994)

    Supports reading Israel as a people in Canaan while leaving exact location and social scale uncertain.


    Locator: Merneptah Stela Israel line and determinative discussion

Where to go next

Referenced records