secondary_with_primary_text_analysis · src_hasel_1994_merneptah
Israel in the Merneptah Stela
Michael G. Hasel · 1994
Reading ancient testimony
Ask who produced the document, for whom, and for what purpose. Distinguish its ancient creation from its modern edition or translation. Survival and excavation shape what can be read today.
Use the linked edition and reliability notes for the author, audience, transmission and limits of this particular source. Missing information is not an assurance of neutrality.
Document and modern access
- Type
- journal article
- Publication
- Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, vol. 296, 45-61
Records informed by this source
- property Ancient external designationEvidence confidence: highinforms · defines · Merneptah Israel and determinative discussion
Provides a worked external-ethnonym case.
- entity IsraelEvidence confidence: highinforms · defines · Merneptah Israel analysis
Provides earliest secure external context.
- date assertion Israel — date assertioninforms · defines · Merneptah Israel analysis
Provides earliest secure external context.
- entity Early IsraelitesEvidence confidence: moderateinforms · provides primary evidence · Merneptah Israel attestation
Establishes the name by the late thirteenth century.
- date assertion Early Israelites — date assertioninforms · provides primary evidence · Merneptah Israel attestation
Establishes the name by the late thirteenth century.
- entity Merneptah Victory SteleEvidence confidence: highinforms · provides primary evidence · Israel line, determinative, and geographic sequence
Provides philological analysis and cautions.
- date assertion Merneptah Victory Stele — date assertioninforms · provides primary evidence · Israel line, determinative, and geographic sequence
Provides philological analysis and cautions.
- claim The Merneptah attestation proves the name Israel by the late thirteenth century but does not by itself explain Israelite ethnogenesis.Evidence confidence: near certaininforms · provides primary evidence · source analysis
Defines what is directly attested.
- claim Israel is a historically changing term that cannot be assigned one unchanged population, territory, or polity from the Merneptah Stele through the monarchic period.Evidence confidence: highinforms · provides primary evidence · Merneptah Israel determinative
Attests a late-thirteenth-century population label.
- event Merneptah Stele attests a population called Israel in CanaanEvidence confidence: very highinforms · provides primary evidence · Israel line and determinative analysis
Directly supports the attestation and cautions.
- property assignment Israel in the Merneptah Stele — has property — Ancient external designationEvidence confidence: very highinforms · provides primary evidence · Israel line and determinative
Supports assignment.
- relationship Merneptah Stele attests a population called Israel in Canaan — refines baseline event — Merneptah's Year 5 conflict with a Libyan-led coalitionEvidence confidence: near certaininforms · provides primary evidence · Israel line
Supports refinement.
- relationship Merneptah Victory Stele — attests — Israel in the Merneptah SteleEvidence confidence: near certaininforms · provides primary evidence · Israel line
Direct attestation.
- date assertion Merneptah Stele attests a population called Israel in Canaan — date assertionEvidence confidence: very highinforms · provides primary evidence · Israel line and determinative analysis
Directly supports the attestation and cautions.
- claim Merneptah's Israel is marked as a people rather than a city-state, but the stele does not locate a precise Israelite territory.Evidence confidence: very highinforms · provides primary evidence · Israel line and determinative
Direct analysis.
- entity Israel in the Merneptah SteleEvidence confidence: very highinforms · provides primary evidence · Merneptah Stela Israel line and determinative discussion
Supports reading Israel as a people in Canaan while leaving exact location and social scale uncertain.
- date assertion Israel in the Merneptah Stele — date assertioninforms · provides primary evidence · Merneptah Stela Israel line and determinative discussion
Supports reading Israel as a people in Canaan while leaving exact location and social scale uncertain.