Bronze Age World

Reading ancient testimony

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Document and modern access

Type: journal article and compositional dataset
Publication: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature, vol. 127C, 1–36

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Records informed by this source

date assertion Irish Sea interaction zone — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
date assertion Dowris archaeological metalwork phase and distribution — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
date assertion Irish Middle Bronze Age metallurgical phase — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
date assertion Irish Late Bronze Age metallurgical phase — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
date assertion East and central Ireland archaeological search region — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
date assertion Continuity and adjustment in Irish bronze alloying — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · dates · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
date assertion Emergence of the Dowris metalwork phase — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · dates · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
date assertion Later Bronze Age settlement and workshop activity at Rathgall — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · dates · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
date assertion Transition to the Irish Late Bronze Age metallurgical phase — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · dates · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
property Continuity and adaptation
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
entity East and central Ireland archaeological search region
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
entity Irish Late Bronze Age metallurgical phase
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
entity Irish Middle Bronze Age metallurgical phase
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
entity Dowris archaeological metalwork phase and distribution
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
entity Irish Sea interaction zone
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
geography assertion Irish Sea interaction zone — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: low
supports · locates or defines geometry · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Comparative maritime and metallurgical synthesis; node locations are separately sourced.
event Transition to the Irish Late Bronze Age metallurgical phase
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
event Later Bronze Age settlement and workshop activity at Rathgall
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
event Emergence of the Dowris metalwork phase
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
event Continuity and adjustment in Irish bronze alloying
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
property assignment Dowris archaeological metalwork phase and distribution — has analytical property — Archaeological label, not a people
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
property assignment Irish Sea interaction zone — has analytical property — Research reconstruction, not a border
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports assignment · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
property assignment Irish Late Bronze Age metallurgical phase — has analytical property — Continuity and adaptation
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports assignment · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
property assignment Dowris archaeological metalwork phase and distribution — has analytical property — Contextual record outside primary interval
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
property assignment Irish Middle Bronze Age metallurgical phase — has analytical property — Archaeological label, not a people
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
property assignment Irish Late Bronze Age metallurgical phase — has analytical property — Archaeological label, not a people
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
claim Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age metallurgy shows substantial continuity in copper-tin alloy practice alongside selective changes in lead use and object production.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports claim · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
claim The terms Celt, Briton, Pict, Gael, English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish should not be projected as stable ethnic identities onto 1600–800 BCE communities without period-specific …
Evidence confidence: very high
supports · supports claim · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
claim Deverel–Rimbury, Penard, Wilburton, Ewart Park, Dowris and Urnfield-related labels are archaeological classifications, not automatically peoples.
Evidence confidence: very high
supports · supports claim · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
claim Later Bronze Age phase boundaries in Britain and Ireland are broader and more regionally variable than neat typological tables imply.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports claim · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
claim The approach to the Early Iron Age around 800 BCE was regionally variable and cannot be reduced to one island-wide technological switch.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports claim · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
claim Eastern Mediterranean events around 1200 BCE should be compared with Britain and Ireland only after resolving each island sequence independently.
Evidence confidence: very high
supports · supports claim · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
claim Changes near 1200 BCE in Britain and Ireland were asynchronous and locally distinct rather than one synchronous island-wide collapse.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports claim · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
claim Mount Gabriel's principal mining belongs mostly before or at the beginning of the 1600–800 BCE interval and should not be used as direct evidence for all later Irish copper supply.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports claim · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
relationship Continuity and adjustment in Irish bronze alloying — contradicts general model — Synchronous 1200 BCE collapse or invasion model
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
relationship Irish Late Bronze Age metallurgical phase — contains late phase transition to — Dowris archaeological metalwork phase and distribution
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
relationship Irish Middle Bronze Age metallurgical phase — analytical transition to — Irish Late Bronze Age metallurgical phase
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
relationship Mount Gabriel mining district — chronological antecedent to — Irish Middle Bronze Age metallurgical phase
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
causal hypothesis Regionally asynchronous continuity and reorganization model
Evidence confidence: high
supports · tests hypothesis · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.
causal hypothesis Synchronous 1200 BCE collapse or invasion model
Unsupported explanationConfidence in this assessment: very lowConfidence in this assessment, not in the proposed story
supports · tests hypothesis · Abstract; pp. 1–36; dataset discussion
Chemical analysis of 105 Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts finds broad continuity in Cu-Sn alloying with occasional elevated lead.