Bronze Age World

Citation metadata

Type: academic monograph
Publication: Leiden University Press
Peer reviewed: Yes

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entity Murghab Delta and Margiana oasis system
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Landscape, canal and settlement synthesis
Supports treatment of the Murghab as a dynamic water-management and settlement system.
entity Post-BMAC Murghab communities
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Post-Bronze Age settlement and hydrological synthesis
Supports system-level reorganization.
entity Gonur Depe
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Settlement and water-management history
Places the site in a changing delta system.
event BMAC to post-BMAC reorganization in Bactria and Margiana
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Settlement and hydrological reorganization
Provides landscape-scale change.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Settlement and hydrological reorganization
Provides landscape-scale change.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Settlement and hydrological reorganization
Provides landscape-scale change.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Settlement and hydrological reorganization
Provides landscape-scale change.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Settlement and hydrological reorganization
Provides landscape-scale change.
event Murghab settlement and water-management systems reorganize
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Canal chronology, palaeochannels and settlement synthesis
Provides the landscape reconstruction and dating cautions.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Canal chronology, palaeochannels and settlement synthesis
Provides the landscape reconstruction and dating cautions.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Canal chronology, palaeochannels and settlement synthesis
Provides the landscape reconstruction and dating cautions.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Canal chronology, palaeochannels and settlement synthesis
Provides the landscape reconstruction and dating cautions.
date assertion Murghab Delta and Margiana oasis system — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Landscape, canal and settlement synthesis
Supports treatment of the Murghab as a dynamic water-management and settlement system.
date assertion Post-BMAC Murghab communities — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Post-Bronze Age settlement and hydrological synthesis
Supports system-level reorganization.
date assertion Gonur Depe — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Settlement and water-management history
Places the site in a changing delta system.
date assertion BMAC to post-BMAC reorganization in Bactria and Margiana — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Settlement and hydrological reorganization
Provides landscape-scale change.
date assertion Murghab settlement and water-management systems reorganize — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Canal chronology, palaeochannels and settlement synthesis
Provides the landscape reconstruction and dating cautions.
geography assertion Murghab Delta and Margiana oasis system — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Landscape and water-management synthesis
Supports the non-geometric spatial description.
relationship Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex / Oxus Civilization — transforms into diverse successors — Post-BMAC Murghab communities
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Later settlement reorganization
Provides the successor landscape.
relationship Post-BMAC Murghab communities — chronologically overlaps with — Yaz I / Early Iron Age 1 horizon
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Murghab settlement sequence
Provides local continuity and change.
causal hypothesis Channel movement and changing water-management institutions contributed to settlement relocation in the Murghab delta.
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · proposes interpretation · Water-management, palaeochannel and settlement synthesis
Provides the main mechanism and tests.
relationship Murghab settlement and water-management systems reorganize — reorganizes context of — Post-BMAC Murghab communities
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · proposes interpretation · Water-management and settlement synthesis
Provides the proposed mechanism and chronology.
claim The BMAC or Oxus Civilization should not be mapped as a unitary empire without independent evidence for centralized territorial rule.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · contextualizes · Murghab settlement and water-management systems
Shows dynamic regional organization.
claim The BMAC to post-BMAC transition was an uneven reorganization rather than one simultaneous collapse across Bactria and Margiana.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · contextualizes · Settlement and canal reorganization
Supports uneven landscape change.
claim Oasis settlement contraction does not establish complete regional abandonment.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · critiques interpretation · Settlement contraction and water-management chronology
Provides the direct landscape caution.
claim Irrigation features must be dated locally; proximity to a Bronze Age settlement does not date an entire canal network.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides chronological model · Canal and palaeochannel chronology
Provides the regional dating framework and limits.