Bronze Age World

Citation metadata

Type: book chapter
Publication: Routledge, 698-733
Peer reviewed: Yes

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entity Pamirs, Vakhsh and southern Tajik research frame
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Regional setting and chronological synthesis
Defines the Vakhsh archaeological and geographic problem.
entity Bishkent / Beshkent mortuary complex
Evidence confidence: low
informs · contextualizes · Regional mortuary chronology
Provides comparison with Vakhsh material.
date assertion Pamirs, Vakhsh and southern Tajik research frame — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Regional setting and chronological synthesis
Defines the Vakhsh archaeological and geographic problem.
date assertion Bishkent / Beshkent mortuary complex — date assertion
Evidence confidence: low
informs · contextualizes · Regional mortuary chronology
Provides comparison with Vakhsh material.
geography assertion Pamirs, Vakhsh and southern Tajik research frame — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: low
informs · contextualizes · Regional setting and chronology
Supports the non-geometric spatial description.
date assertion Classical Vakhsh culture — date assertion
Evidence confidence: very low
informs · critiques interpretation · Review of earlier chronology
Documents and revises the older placement.
relationship Classical Vakhsh culture — not securely derived from — Andronovo-family classifications
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · critiques interpretation · Chronology and comparative affinities
Provides the reassessment.
entity Classical Vakhsh culture
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · dates · Radiocarbon and ceramic reassessment
Supports the revised earlier chronology.
date assertion Classical Vakhsh culture — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · dates · Radiocarbon and ceramic reassessment
Supports the revised earlier chronology.
claim Bishkent chronology remains unstable and older placement in a Fedorovo-to-Swat sequence is not secure.
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · contextualizes · Regional mortuary sequence
Provides comparative context.
claim The preferred reassessment does not support classifying classical Vakhsh as an Andronovo-derived culture.
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · critiques interpretation · Chronology and comparative affinities
Provides the reassessment.
claim Most classical Vakhsh material is earlier than the 1600-800 BCE core interval under the preferred reassessment.
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · dates · Revised chronology and conclusion
Provides the preferred earlier date range.