Bronze Age World

Reading ancient testimony

Ask who produced the document, for whom, and for what purpose. Distinguish its ancient creation from its modern edition or translation. Survival and excavation shape what can be read today.

Use the linked edition and reliability notes for the author, audience, transmission and limits of this particular source. Missing information is not an assurance of neutrality.

Document and modern access

Type: digital primary-source catalogue record
Publication: Not specified

Open DOI or stable record (opens in a new tab)

Records informed by this source

date assertion Alashiya–Egypt copper diplomacy in the Amarna letters — date assertion
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · dates · EA 33 metadata and archive context
Textual archive range; individual letters belong within this bracket but are not assigned an invented exact year.
date assertion Alashiya — date assertion
informs · provides primary evidence · EA 33 artifact record
Provides a direct royal-letter example.
entity Amarna Alashiya correspondence
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides primary evidence · EA 33 and linked Amarna corpus
Direct artifact-level evidence.
date assertion Amarna Alashiya correspondence — date assertion
informs · provides primary evidence · EA 33 and linked Amarna corpus
Direct artifact-level evidence.
entity Alashiya
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides primary evidence · EA 33 artifact record
Provides a direct royal-letter example.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides primary text · EA 33 transliteration, translation and metadata
Directly attests the king of Alashiya and copper shipment.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides primary text · EA 33 transliteration, translation and metadata
Directly attests the king of Alashiya and copper shipment.
relationship Alashiya–Egypt copper diplomacy in the Amarna letters — concerns — Alashiya
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides primary text · EA 33 transliteration, translation and metadata
Directly attests the king of Alashiya and copper shipment.
relationship Alashiya–Egypt copper diplomacy in the Amarna letters — concerns — Amarna Alashiya correspondence
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides primary text · EA 33 transliteration, translation and metadata
Directly attests the king of Alashiya and copper shipment.
relationship Amarna Alashiya correspondence — refers to — Alashiya
Evidence confidence: near certain
informs · provides primary text · EA 33
Directly attests the Alashiya royal correspondent.
date assertion Alashiya–Egypt copper diplomacy in the Amarna letters — date assertion
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides primary text · EA 33 transliteration, translation and metadata
Directly attests the king of Alashiya and copper shipment.
event Alashiya–Egypt copper diplomacy in the Amarna letters
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides primary text · EA 33 transliteration, translation and metadata
Directly attests the king of Alashiya and copper shipment.
claim References to Alashiya across Egyptian, Ugaritic, and Hittite texts need not describe an institutionally unchanged polity over every century of their attestation.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides case study · Amarna royal letter
Attests one fourteenth-century ruler.
myth interpretation Kinyras as a literary memory of Cypriot kingship and metal wealth
Evidence confidence: very low
supports · provides independent historical context · Alashiyan royal copper gift exchange
Documents a real but unnamed Bronze Age king and copper diplomacy.
relationship Research record — proposed memory of
Evidence confidence: very low
supports · provides independent historical context · Alashiyan royal copper gift exchange
Documents a real but unnamed Bronze Age king and copper diplomacy.
relationship Research record — proposed memory of
Evidence confidence: very low
supports · provides independent historical context · Alashiyan royal copper gift exchange
Documents a real but unnamed Bronze Age king and copper diplomacy.
relationship Research record — proposed memory of
Evidence confidence: very low
supports · provides independent historical context · Alashiyan royal copper gift exchange
Documents a real but unnamed Bronze Age king and copper diplomacy.