Bronze Age World

Reading ancient testimony

Ask who produced the document, for whom, and for what purpose. Distinguish its ancient creation from its modern edition or translation. Survival and excavation shape what can be read today.

Use the linked edition and reliability notes for the author, audience, transmission and limits of this particular source. Missing information is not an assurance of neutrality.

Document and modern access

Type: journal article and radiocarbon study
Publication: Bulletin of the American Schools of Overseas Research, vol. 384, 211-240

Open DOI or stable record (opens in a new tab)

Records informed by this source

claim Attribution of monumental gates, palaces, and administrative systems to Solomon depends on contested ceramic and radiocarbon chronologies.
Evidence confidence: high
informs · dates · Megiddo radiocarbon
Provides site chronology.
date assertion Late Bronze to Iron I transformation at Megiddo — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
informs · dates · Bayesian/radiocarbon sequence
Constrains the transition.
date assertion Omride consolidation of the kingdom of Israel — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
informs · dates · Megiddo chronology
Constrains architectural phases.
claim Hazor, Lachish, Gezer, Megiddo, and other southern Levantine destruction or transition horizons do not form one securely synchronous event.
Evidence confidence: high
informs · dates · Megiddo radiocarbon
Independent sequence.
claim Archaeology does not support one synchronous destruction wave matching the full Joshua conquest sequence.
Evidence confidence: high
informs · dates · Megiddo sequence
Shows continuity/change.
event Late Bronze to Iron I transformation at Megiddo
Evidence confidence: high
informs · dates · Bayesian/radiocarbon sequence
Constrains the transition.
event Omride consolidation of the kingdom of Israel
Evidence confidence: high
informs · dates · Megiddo chronology
Constrains architectural phases.
ranked model Conquest and settlement models
Evidence confidence: high
informs · dates · Megiddo sequence
Site control.
geography assertion Megiddo — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · radiocarbon sequence and stratigraphic synthesis
Supports identification and archaeological location of Megiddo; the point is a representative site locator, not an excavation footprint.
date assertion Megiddo — date assertion
informs · provides archaeological observation · radiocarbon sequence and stratigraphic synthesis
Supports the site description, phase range, or principal research relevance.
relationship Megiddo — located in — Galilee and northern valleys
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides archaeological observation · radiocarbon sequence and stratigraphic synthesis
Supports the site description, phase range, or principal research relevance.
entity Megiddo
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides archaeological observation · radiocarbon sequence and stratigraphic synthesis
Supports the site description, phase range, or principal research relevance.