Bronze Age World

Citation metadata

Type: scholarly gazetteer
Publication: Not specified
Peer reviewed: No

Open DOI or stable record (opens in a new tab)

Records informed by this source

entity Mediterranean and Assyrian connections
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
date assertion Mediterranean and Assyrian connections — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
entity Southern Levant
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
date assertion Southern Levant — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
entity Galilee and northern valleys
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
date assertion Galilee and northern valleys — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
entity Central highlands
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
date assertion Central highlands — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
entity Jerusalem and southern highlands
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
date assertion Jerusalem and southern highlands — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
entity Shephelah
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
date assertion Shephelah — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
entity Southern coastal plain and Philistia research zone
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
date assertion Southern coastal plain and Philistia research zone — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
entity Northern coast and Phoenician links
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
date assertion Northern coast and Phoenician links — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
entity Negev and Arabah
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
date assertion Negev and Arabah — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
entity Jordan Valley
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
date assertion Jordan Valley — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
entity Moab plateau
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
date assertion Moab plateau — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
entity Ammon highlands
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
date assertion Ammon highlands — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
entity Edom highlands
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
date assertion Edom highlands — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
entity Sinai and Egyptian frontier
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
date assertion Sinai and Egyptian frontier — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
entity Aramean and Syrian connections
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
date assertion Aramean and Syrian connections — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · Regional place records and linked ancient-place gazetteer entries, accessed 2026-08-12
Supports ancient-place orientation while not defining the analytical region as a polity.
claim Contested or politically sensitive site names should be stored with multiple modern and ancient names, source-specific usage, and no claim of modern sovereignty.
Evidence confidence: near certain
informs · defines · stable place-name and location records
Supports alias-based gazetteer practice.
geography assertion Ashdod — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Ashdod; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Ekron — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Ekron; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Gath / Tell es-Safi — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Gath / Tell es-Safi; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Dor — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Dor; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Tyre — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Tyre; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Sidon — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Sidon; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Timna Valley — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Timna Valley; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Kuntillet Ajrud — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Kuntillet Ajrud; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Khirbet Qeiyafa — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Khirbet Qeiyafa; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Khirbat en-Nahas — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Khirbat en-Nahas; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Deir Alla — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Deir Alla; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Rabbath-Ammon — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Rabbath-Ammon; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Dhiban / Dibon — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Dhiban / Dibon; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Buseirah — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Buseirah; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Abel Beth Maacah — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Abel Beth Maacah; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Aphek — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Aphek; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Jaffa — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Jaffa; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Deir el-Balah — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Deir el-Balah; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
date assertion Lixus — date assertion
informs · locates · Pleiades 275666
Provides a representative site point.
date assertion Beth-Shean — date assertion
informs · locates · Pleiades 678378
Locates the archaeological mound through a published place record.
entity Lachish
Evidence confidence: high
informs · locates · Pleiades 687951
Provides a representative point for Tel Lachish.
date assertion Lachish — date assertion
informs · locates · Pleiades 687951
Provides a representative point for Tel Lachish.
entity Enkomi
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · locates · Pleiades 13818291
Provides a representative point for the archaeological site.
date assertion Enkomi — date assertion
informs · locates · Pleiades 13818291
Provides a representative point for the archaeological site.
entity Sarepta
Evidence confidence: high
informs · locates · Pleiades 678374
Provides a representative archaeological-site point.
date assertion Sarepta — date assertion
informs · locates · Pleiades 678374
Provides a representative archaeological-site point.
geography assertion Beth-Shean — geography assertion
informs · locates · Pleiades 678378
Published place and location record.
geography assertion Lachish — geography assertion
informs · locates · Pleiades 687951
Published archaeological-site location.
geography assertion Enkomi — geography assertion
informs · locates · Pleiades 13818291
Published archaeological-area coordinate.
geography assertion Sarepta — geography assertion
informs · locates · Pleiades 678374
Published archaeological-site location.
entity Lixus
Evidence confidence: high
informs · locates · Pleiades 275666
Provides a representative site point.
entity Beth-Shean
Evidence confidence: high
informs · locates · Pleiades 678378
Locates the archaeological mound through a published place record.
entity Carthage
Evidence confidence: high
informs · locates · Pleiades 314921
Provides a representative site point.
date assertion Carthage — date assertion
informs · locates · Pleiades 314921
Provides a representative site point.
entity Zinchecra
Evidence confidence: high
informs · locates · Pleiades 354169
Provides a representative site point.
date assertion Zinchecra — date assertion
informs · locates · Pleiades 354169
Provides a representative site point.
geography assertion Carthage — geography assertion
informs · locates · Pleiades 314921
Provides a published representative point.
geography assertion Lixus — geography assertion
informs · locates · Pleiades 275666
Provides a published representative point.
geography assertion Zinchecra — geography assertion
informs · locates · Pleiades 354169
Provides a representative site point.
geography assertion Hazor — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Hazor; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Megiddo — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Megiddo; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Lachish — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Lachish; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Beth-Shean — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Beth-Shean; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Gezer — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Gezer; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Jerusalem — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Jerusalem; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Shiloh — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Shiloh; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Shechem — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Shechem; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Dan — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Dan; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Ashkelon — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · locates · Gazetteer search/place record for Ashkelon; representative point cross-check, accessed 2026-08-12
Provides an independent ancient-place orientation where a corresponding or nearby place record is available; coordinates are rounded to four decimal places.
geography assertion Dakhla Oasis — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Oasis regional representative point, not a settlement boundary
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Kharga Oasis — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Oasis regional representative point, not a settlement boundary
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Abusir — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named Pleiades/archaeological record for Abusir; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Abydos — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · locates · Pleiades 756512; representative point rounded for review
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Beni Hasan — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named Pleiades/archaeological record for Beni Hasan; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Bubastis — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named Pleiades record for Bubastis; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Buhen — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named archaeological record for Buhen; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Buto — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named Pleiades/archaeological record for Buto; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Dahshur — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named Pleiades/archaeological record for Dahshur; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Deir el-Bahri — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named archaeological site record; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Elephantine — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named Pleiades record for Elephantine; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Hawara — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named Pleiades/archaeological record for Hawara; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Hierakonpolis / Nekhen — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named Pleiades/archaeological record for Hierakonpolis; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Karnak — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named Pleiades record for Karnak; representative point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Lahun — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named Pleiades/archaeological record for Lahun; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Lisht — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named Pleiades/archaeological record for Lisht; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Meidum — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named Pleiades/archaeological record for Meidum; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Memphis — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · locates · Pleiades 736963; representative point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Mendes — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named Pleiades record for Mendes; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Naqada — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named Pleiades/archaeological record for Naqada; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Pi-Ramesses / Qantir — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named Qantir/Pi-Ramesses place record; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Sais — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named Pleiades record for Sais; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Saqqara — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Pleiades named record for Saqqara; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Semna — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named archaeological record for Semna; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Tanis — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named Pleiades record for Tanis; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Thebes — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · locates · Pleiades 786017; representative point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.
geography assertion Valley of the Kings — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · locates · Named archaeological site record; rounded point
Supports the representative location and named-place identification.