Bronze Age World

Citation metadata

Type: scholarly handbook chapter
Publication: Metropolitan Museum of Art
Peer reviewed: Yes

Open DOI or stable record (opens in a new tab)

Records informed by this source

date assertion Loss of the Uluburun copper-ingot cargo — date assertion
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · dates · Shipwreck chronology
Scientific and archaeological bracket for the wreck, kept separate from any proposed itinerary.
geography assertion Uluburun shipwreck — geography assertion
informs · locates · Published wreck location off Kaş, Türkiye
Representative point for the archaeological site. It is not a settlement footprint, harbour boundary, cemetery extent, or political territory.
entity Uluburun shipwreck
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides archaeological observation · Shipwreck and cargo synthesis
Authoritative excavation context.
date assertion Uluburun shipwreck — date assertion
informs · provides archaeological observation · Shipwreck and cargo synthesis
Authoritative excavation context.
ranked model How was copper production organized across mining, smelting, refining, manufacture, and export?
informs · provides cargo case · Uluburun copper cargo
Documents movement at a different evidential stage.
relationship Coastal merchant and exchange households — participated in — Cyprus eastern Mediterranean maritime interaction zone
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides cargo context · Uluburun cargo
Demonstrates interregional shipborne movement.
entity Coastal merchant and exchange households
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides cargo context · Shipborne trade assemblage
Demonstrates wider networks without assigning all cargo to one group.
date assertion Coastal merchant and exchange households — date assertion
informs · provides cargo context · Shipborne trade assemblage
Demonstrates wider networks without assigning all cargo to one group.
entity Cyprus eastern Mediterranean maritime interaction zone
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides cargo evidence · Uluburun cargo synthesis
Documents one major late fourteenth-century maritime assemblage.
date assertion Cyprus eastern Mediterranean maritime interaction zone — date assertion
informs · provides cargo evidence · Uluburun cargo synthesis
Documents one major late fourteenth-century maritime assemblage.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides comparative cargo evidence · Uluburun ingot cargo
Documents the earlier large-cargo system.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides comparative cargo evidence · Uluburun ingot cargo
Documents the earlier large-cargo system.
relationship Contraction of the oxhide-ingot export system — occurred at or affected — Cyprus eastern Mediterranean maritime interaction zone
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides comparative cargo evidence · Uluburun ingot cargo
Documents the earlier large-cargo system.
relationship Contraction of the oxhide-ingot export system — occurred at or affected — Troodos copper ore and slag landscapes
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides comparative cargo evidence · Uluburun ingot cargo
Documents the earlier large-cargo system.
date assertion Contraction of the oxhide-ingot export system — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides comparative cargo evidence · Uluburun ingot cargo
Documents the earlier large-cargo system.
event Contraction of the oxhide-ingot export system
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides comparative cargo evidence · Uluburun ingot cargo
Documents the earlier large-cargo system.
causal hypothesis Network disruption reduced bulk copper exports
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides earlier comparator · Large fourteenth-century cargo
Documents the earlier bulk system.
relationship Loss of the Uluburun copper-ingot cargo — occurred at or affected — Uluburun shipwreck
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides excavation synthesis · Cargo composition and chronology
Documents the shipwreck and copper cargo.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides excavation synthesis · Cargo composition and chronology
Documents the shipwreck and copper cargo.
event Loss of the Uluburun copper-ingot cargo
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides excavation synthesis · Cargo composition and chronology
Documents the shipwreck and copper cargo.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides excavation synthesis · Cargo composition and chronology
Documents the shipwreck and copper cargo.
relationship Loss of the Uluburun copper-ingot cargo — occurred at or affected — Cyprus eastern Mediterranean maritime interaction zone
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides excavation synthesis · Cargo composition and chronology
Documents the shipwreck and copper cargo.
date assertion Loss of the Uluburun copper-ingot cargo — date assertion
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides excavation synthesis · Cargo composition and chronology
Documents the shipwreck and copper cargo.
relationship Uluburun shipwreck — connected by cargo to — Cyprus eastern Mediterranean maritime interaction zone
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · supports · Cargo composition and provenance discussion
Documents the copper cargo and route uncertainty.
claim The oxhide-ingot form documents standardized handling and exchange practices but is not by itself a state emblem, proof of Cypriot ownership, or marker of one trade route.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports · Uluburun cargo context
Shows aggregated cargo without a directly named sponsor.
claim A maritime interaction zone records a region of evidenced or plausible connectivity and must not be displayed as sovereignty, territorial sea, or an exact ship route.
Evidence confidence: near certain
supports · supports · Cargo and route uncertainty
Shows a rich cargo without a complete itinerary.