Bronze Age World

Reading ancient testimony

Ask who produced the document, for whom, and for what purpose. Distinguish its ancient creation from its modern edition or translation. Survival and excavation shape what can be read today.

Use the linked edition and reliability notes for the author, audience, transmission and limits of this particular source. Missing information is not an assurance of neutrality.

Document and modern access

Type: journal article and remote-sensing dataset
Publication: Remote Sensing, vol. 11, no. 24, 3014

Open DOI or stable record (opens in a new tab)

Records informed by this source

causal hypothesis Resource and environmental constraints shaped periodic copper production at Raki 2
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Slag distribution and mapping limits
Constrains the spatial evidence.
claim Raki 2’s production volume does not identify all copper destinations, the degree of export, political ownership or continuous year-by-year operation.
Evidence confidence: high
informs · critiques interpretation · Accuracy and underestimation discussion
Limits the precision of remote-sensing extent estimates.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · supports distribution · Field mapping and remote-sensing validation at Raki
Supports the extent of slag while documenting mapping underestimation.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · supports distribution · Field mapping and remote-sensing validation at Raki
Supports the extent of slag while documenting mapping underestimation.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · supports distribution · Field mapping and remote-sensing validation at Raki
Supports the extent of slag while documenting mapping underestimation.
date assertion Raki 2 — date assertion
informs · supports distribution · Raki field validation and slag-mapping results
Supports mapping of the industrial landscape and its limitations.
property assignment Raki 2 — has property — Copper production evidence
Evidence confidence: very high
supports · supports distribution · Raki field mapping
Supports the slag landscape.
property Copper production evidence
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports distribution · Field mapping and remote-sensing results
Supports mapping of production debris and its limitations.
entity Raki 2
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports distribution · Raki field validation and slag-mapping results
Supports mapping of the industrial landscape and its limitations.
claim Raki 2 provides direct evidence for a large Early Iron Age copper-smelting settlement and an extensive slag landscape.
Evidence confidence: very high
supports · supports distribution · Raki field mapping
Supports the industrial landscape extent.
event Large-scale copper smelting at Raki 2
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports distribution · Field mapping and remote-sensing validation at Raki
Supports the extent of slag while documenting mapping underestimation.