What is the evidence?

observation

Animal-bone radiocarbon determinations from the earliest excavated levels cluster in the later ninth to early eighth century BCE.

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Review and provenance

Specialist reviewer: not recorded. Review date: not recorded.

Dataset workflow: proposed. This is separate from specialist review.

Confidence describes the stated assessment; it does not certify expert approval. How review works.

Chronology

Dating intervals may describe uncertainty or phases; their width alone does not establish event duration.

Preferred assertion

835 BCE–800 BCE

Precision: range

moderate

This assertion records the event’s preferred range without suppressing narrower samples, phase uncertainty, or competing chronology noted elsewhere in the record.

Interpretation and caveats

The dated levels are compatible with early settlement near the traditional foundation era but do not independently verify an exact 814/813 BCE event.

Event context

Classification

Event type: settlement horizon

Evidence layer: archaeological

Timeline role: regional core

Why it matters to the timeline

This event directly documents the North African research scope in Tunisia and central Maghreb, central Mediterranean connections. It is included for its regional evidence rather than merely because it is contemporary.

Research notes

  • Provides the earliest-level date range and contextual cautions. Role: provides chronology. Locator: pp. 557–577; sample contexts and radiocarbon results.

Evidence and sources

Where to go next

Referenced records