event · evt_iberia1_mediterranean_indirect_exchange
Intermittent and often indirect Mediterranean exchange involving Iberian communities
Non-local materials, object forms and technical comparisons indicate that parts of Iberia entered wider Mediterranean exchange networks during the later second millennium BCE.
What is the evidence?
observation
Non-local materials, object forms and technical comparisons indicate that parts of Iberia entered wider Mediterranean exchange networks during the later second millennium BCE.Review and provenance
Specialist reviewer: not recorded. Review date: not recorded.
Dataset workflow: proposed. This is separate from specialist review.
Confidence describes the stated assessment; it does not certify expert approval. How review works.
Chronology
Dating intervals may describe uncertainty or phases; their width alone does not establish event duration.
1300 BCE–900 BCE
Precision: broad range
moderateA more conservative range for classes of securely Mediterranean-linked material.
- supports · dates
Iberia and its relations with the Mediterranean in later Prehistory (4th–2nd millennium BCE). A minimalist revision — Borja Legarra Herrero (2025)A more conservative range for classes of securely Mediterranean-linked material.
Locator: See linked source chronology or phase model - supports · dates
Establishing the Middle Sea: The Late Bronze Age of Mediterranean Europe (1700–900 BC) — Francesco Iacono, Elisabetta Borgna, Maurizio Cattani, Claudio Cavazzuti, Helen Dawson, Yannis Galanakis, Maja Gori, Cristiano Iaia, Nicola Ialongo, Thibault Lachenal, Alberto Lorrio, Rafael Micó, Barry Molloy, Argyro Nafplioti, Kewin Peche-Quilichini, Cristina Rihuete-Herrada, Roberto Risch (2022)A more conservative range for classes of securely Mediterranean-linked material.
Locator: See linked source chronology or phase model
1500 BCE–900 BCE
Precision: range
lowPreferred display range for this release. It preserves BCE ordering and does not suppress narrower samples, phase dates or alternatives listed separately.
- supports · critiques interpretation
Iberia and its relations with the Mediterranean in later Prehistory (4th–2nd millennium BCE). A minimalist revision — Borja Legarra Herrero (2025)Provides the evidentially minimalist review.
Locator: pp. 423–448 - supports · contextualizes
Establishing the Middle Sea: The Late Bronze Age of Mediterranean Europe (1700–900 BC) — Francesco Iacono, Elisabetta Borgna, Maurizio Cattani, Claudio Cavazzuti, Helen Dawson, Yannis Galanakis, Maja Gori, Cristiano Iaia, Nicola Ialongo, Thibault Lachenal, Alberto Lorrio, Rafael Micó, Barry Molloy, Argyro Nafplioti, Kewin Peche-Quilichini, Cristina Rihuete-Herrada, Roberto Risch (2022)Provides the wider Mediterranean network model.
Locator: pp. 371–445 - supports · critiques interpretation
Late Bronze Age Oxhide and oxhide-like ingots from areas other than the Mediterranean: problems and challenges — Serena Sabatini (2016)Provides a cautionary object-distribution case.
Locator: pp. 29–45
Interpretation and caveats
The preferred model emphasizes intermittent, multi-stage and frequently indirect exchange. Object provenance is kept separate from direct voyages, merchants, colonies and migration.
Event context
Classification
Event type: exchange network development
Evidence layer: archaeological
Timeline role: cross regional context
People and places
Locations: Iberian Mediterranean coast interaction frame, Central Mediterranean metal and technology exchange model
Why it matters to the timeline
Mediterranean exchange is demonstrably relevant to Iberian interpretation, while the event explicitly avoids claiming a single direct eastern route.
Alternative interpretations
- A narrower evidence horizon beginning around c. 1300 BCE may be preferred for some classes of demonstrable Mediterranean-linked material. (moderate confidence)
Research notes
- Provides the evidentially minimalist review. Role: critiques interpretation. Locator: pp. 423–448.
- Provides the wider Mediterranean network model. Role: contextualizes. Locator: pp. 371–445.
- Provides a cautionary object-distribution case. Role: critiques interpretation. Locator: pp. 29–45.
Evidence and sources
- supports · critiques interpretation
Iberia and its relations with the Mediterranean in later Prehistory (4th–2nd millennium BCE). A minimalist revision — Borja Legarra Herrero (2025)Provides the evidentially minimalist review.
Locator: pp. 423–448 - supports · contextualizes
Establishing the Middle Sea: The Late Bronze Age of Mediterranean Europe (1700–900 BC) — Francesco Iacono, Elisabetta Borgna, Maurizio Cattani, Claudio Cavazzuti, Helen Dawson, Yannis Galanakis, Maja Gori, Cristiano Iaia, Nicola Ialongo, Thibault Lachenal, Alberto Lorrio, Rafael Micó, Barry Molloy, Argyro Nafplioti, Kewin Peche-Quilichini, Cristina Rihuete-Herrada, Roberto Risch (2022)Provides the wider Mediterranean network model.
Locator: pp. 371–445 - supports · critiques interpretation
Late Bronze Age Oxhide and oxhide-like ingots from areas other than the Mediterranean: problems and challenges — Serena Sabatini (2016)Provides a cautionary object-distribution case.
Locator: pp. 29–45