event · evt_srsc1_lchashen_metsamor_horizon_development
Development of the Lchashen–Metsamor horizon
Fortresses, cemeteries, ceramics, metallurgy, vehicles, and settlement systems developed across multiple highland basins through the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages.
What is the evidence?
observation
Fortresses, cemeteries, ceramics, metallurgy, vehicles, and settlement systems developed across multiple highland basins through the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages.The broad horizon is securely documented, while internal dates and boundaries remain debated.
Inspect the sources →Review and provenance
Specialist reviewer: not recorded. Review date: not recorded.
Dataset workflow: proposed. This is separate from specialist review.
Confidence describes the stated assessment; it does not certify expert approval. How review works.
Chronology
Dating intervals may describe uncertainty or phases; their width alone does not establish event duration.
1500 BCE–800 BCE
Precision: range
Chronology model: release preferred synthesis
highPreferred display range synthesized from the cited source roles. It preserves a range and does not imply every component occurred continuously or synchronously.
- contextualizes · defines and contextualizes
The Archaeology of the Caucasus: From Earliest Settlements to the Iron Age — Antonio Sagona (2017)Provides broad chronology and regional synthesis.
Locator: Chapter 8: Southern Caucasus 1500–800 BCE - supports · provides legacy classification
The Southern Caucasus in Prehistory: Stages of Cultural and Socioeconomic Development from the Eighth to the Second Millennium B.C. — K. Kh. Kushnareva (1997)Documents the classification's research history.
Locator: Late Bronze and Early Iron Age chapters - supports · provides site sequence
Excavations at Metsamor, Seasons 2013–2018 — Ashot Piliposyan, Krzysztof Jakubiak, Ruzan Mkrtchyan, Hasmik Simonyan, Mateusz Iskra, Artavazd Zaqyan (2020)Provides a key site sequence.
Locator: Metsamor excavation phases
1400 BCE–700 BCE
Precision: range
Chronology model: later start longer iron i model
moderateSome regional chronologies start mature Lchashen–Metsamor later and extend its terminal phases beyond 800 BCE. This remains separate from the preferred display range.
- contextualizes · defines and contextualizes
The Archaeology of the Caucasus: From Earliest Settlements to the Iron Age — Antonio Sagona (2017)Provides broad chronology and regional synthesis.
Locator: Chapter 8: Southern Caucasus 1500–800 BCE - supports · provides legacy classification
The Southern Caucasus in Prehistory: Stages of Cultural and Socioeconomic Development from the Eighth to the Second Millennium B.C. — K. Kh. Kushnareva (1997)Documents the classification's research history.
Locator: Late Bronze and Early Iron Age chapters - supports · provides site sequence
Excavations at Metsamor, Seasons 2013–2018 — Ashot Piliposyan, Krzysztof Jakubiak, Ruzan Mkrtchyan, Hasmik Simonyan, Mateusz Iskra, Artavazd Zaqyan (2020)Provides a key site sequence.
Locator: Metsamor excavation phases
Interpretation and caveats
The horizon is represented as a changing archaeological classification with regional variants, not a single polity or ethnicity lasting seven centuries.
Event context
Classification
Event type: archaeological horizon development
Evidence layer: archaeological
Timeline role: regional core
People and places
Locations: Lchashen–Metsamor horizon, Lchashen, Metsamor, Armenian Highland and Lake Sevan basins
Why it matters to the timeline
Lchashen–Metsamor chronology, settlement, metallurgy, and identity limits are central requirements.
Research notes
- Provides broad chronology and regional synthesis. Role: defines and contextualizes. Locator: Chapter 8: Southern Caucasus 1500–800 BCE.
- Documents the classification's research history. Role: provides legacy classification. Locator: Late Bronze and Early Iron Age chapters.
- Provides a key site sequence. Role: provides site sequence. Locator: Metsamor excavation phases.
Evidence and sources
- contextualizes · defines and contextualizes
The Archaeology of the Caucasus: From Earliest Settlements to the Iron Age — Antonio Sagona (2017)Provides broad chronology and regional synthesis.
Locator: Chapter 8: Southern Caucasus 1500–800 BCE - supports · provides legacy classification
The Southern Caucasus in Prehistory: Stages of Cultural and Socioeconomic Development from the Eighth to the Second Millennium B.C. — K. Kh. Kushnareva (1997)Documents the classification's research history.
Locator: Late Bronze and Early Iron Age chapters - supports · provides site sequence
Excavations at Metsamor, Seasons 2013–2018 — Ashot Piliposyan, Krzysztof Jakubiak, Ruzan Mkrtchyan, Hasmik Simonyan, Mateusz Iskra, Artavazd Zaqyan (2020)Provides a key site sequence.
Locator: Metsamor excavation phases
Referenced records
- Lchashen · entity
- Armenian Highland and Lake Sevan basins · entity
- Lchashen–Metsamor horizon · entity
- Metsamor · entity