Bronze Age World

Citation metadata

Type: academic monograph
Publication: University of Pennsylvania Museum
Peer reviewed: Yes

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Records informed by this source

date assertion Karmir Berd and related Middle-to-Late Bronze transition — date assertion
Evidence confidence: low
contextualizes · contextualizes · Regional Middle and Late Bronze chapters
Provides legacy classification context.
event Karmir Berd and related Middle-to-Late Bronze transition
Evidence confidence: low
contextualizes · contextualizes · Regional Middle and Late Bronze chapters
Provides legacy classification context.
event Transition from Sevan–Artsakh traditions into Late Bronze regional systems
Evidence confidence: low
contextualizes · contextualizes · Middle-to-Late Bronze sequence
Provides legacy comparative material.
claim The end of Trialeti–Vanadzor traditions and the formation of successor Late Bronze systems were asynchronous and regionally varied.
Evidence confidence: high
contextualizes · contextualizes · Legacy periodization
Source linked to claim record claim_srsc1_trialeti_end_asynchronous.
claim Karmir Berd should be represented as an overlapping regional and chronological tradition, not a clean successor state between Trialeti and Lchashen–Metsamor.
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · contextualizes · Regional culture-history synthesis
Source linked to claim record claim_srsc1_karmir_berd_overlap.
date assertion Karmir Berd and related Middle-to-Late Bronze transition — date assertion
Evidence confidence: low
contextualizes · contextualizes · Regional Middle and Late Bronze chapters
Provides legacy classification context.
date assertion Transition from Sevan–Artsakh traditions into Late Bronze regional systems — date assertion
Evidence confidence: low
contextualizes · contextualizes · Middle-to-Late Bronze sequence
Provides legacy comparative material.
relationship Lchashen–Tsitelgori horizon — partly overlapping classification — Lchashen–Metsamor horizon
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · contextualizes · Legacy taxonomies
Source linked to relationship record rel_srsc1_lchashen_tsitelgori_overlaps_lchashen_metsamor.
relationship Sevan–Artsakh horizon — partly precedes and overlaps — Lchashen–Metsamor horizon
Evidence confidence: low
contextualizes · contextualizes · Regional sequence
Source linked to relationship record rel_srsc1_sevan_artsakh_precedes_lchashen_metsamor.
relationship Trialeti–Vanadzor tradition — chronologically overlaps — Karmir Berd tradition
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · contextualizes · Legacy sequence
Source linked to relationship record rel_srsc1_trialeti_overlaps_karmir_berd.
entity Sevan–Artsakh horizon
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
Source linked to entity record arch_srsc1_sevan_artsakh_horizon.
entity Lchashen–Tsitelgori horizon
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
Source linked to entity record arch_srsc1_lchashen_tsitelgori_horizon.
entity Nakhchivan Late Bronze–Early Iron Age fortress and cemetery assemblages
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
Source linked to entity record arch_srsc1_nakhchivan_lba_eia_assemblages.
entity Trialeti–Vanadzor tradition
Evidence confidence: high
contextualizes · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
Source linked to entity record arch_srsc1_trialeti_vanadzor_tradition.
entity Karmir Berd tradition
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
Source linked to entity record arch_srsc1_karmir_berd_tradition.
entity Lchashen–Metsamor horizon
Evidence confidence: high
contextualizes · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
Source linked to entity record arch_srsc1_lchashen_metsamor_horizon.
claim Srubnaya, Trialeti–Vanadzor, Karmir Berd, Lchashen–Metsamor, Khojaly–Gadabay, Koban, Colchian, and Talysh–Mugan are archaeological classifications, not demonstrated ethnic or li…
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · provides historiographic context · Regional classification chapters
Source linked to claim record claim_srsc1_culture_labels_not_ethnicity.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: low
informs · contextualizes · Regional Middle and Late Bronze chapters
Provides legacy classification context.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: low
informs · contextualizes · Middle-to-Late Bronze sequence
Provides legacy comparative material.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: low
informs · contextualizes · Middle-to-Late Bronze sequence
Provides legacy comparative material.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: low
informs · contextualizes · Middle-to-Late Bronze sequence
Provides legacy comparative material.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: low
informs · contextualizes · Regional Middle and Late Bronze chapters
Provides legacy classification context.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: low
informs · contextualizes · Regional Middle and Late Bronze chapters
Provides legacy classification context.
date assertion Sevan–Artsakh horizon — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
date assertion Lchashen–Metsamor horizon — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
date assertion Karmir Berd tradition — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
date assertion Trialeti–Vanadzor tradition — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
date assertion Nakhchivan Late Bronze–Early Iron Age fortress and cemetery assemblages — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
date assertion Lchashen–Tsitelgori horizon — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
date assertion Eastern Georgia and middle Kura valleys — date assertion
informs · defines search frame · Relevant regional chapters or site distributions
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides legacy classification · Relevant Middle–Late Bronze chapters
Documents legacy sequences.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides legacy classification · Late Bronze and Early Iron Age chapters
Documents the classification's research history.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides legacy classification · Late Bronze and Early Iron Age chapters
Documents the classification's research history.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides legacy classification · Late Bronze and Early Iron Age chapters
Documents the classification's research history.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides legacy classification · Relevant Middle–Late Bronze chapters
Documents legacy sequences.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides legacy classification · Relevant Middle–Late Bronze chapters
Documents legacy sequences.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides legacy classification · Late Bronze and Early Iron Age chapters
Documents the classification's research history.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides legacy classification · Relevant Middle–Late Bronze chapters
Documents legacy sequences.
date assertion Karmir Berd archaeological complex — date assertion
informs · provides site or sequence evidence · Relevant site report, synthesis, or gazetteer record
date assertion Dvin-area Late Bronze Age antecedent sites — date assertion
informs · provides site or sequence evidence · Relevant site report, synthesis, or gazetteer record
date assertion Khojaly archaeological complex — date assertion
informs · provides site or sequence evidence · Relevant site report, synthesis, or gazetteer record
entity Eastern Georgia and middle Kura valleys
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines search frame · Relevant regional chapters or site distributions
Source linked to entity record geo_srsc1_eastern_georgia_kura.
claim Soviet-era classifications remain indispensable for site discovery and comparative terminology but require reassessment with modern stratigraphy, radiocarbon, and transparent sp…
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historiographic bridge · Synthesis of Soviet-period scholarship
Source linked to claim record claim_srsc1_soviet_classifications_need_reassessment.
date assertion Regional reorganization after the Trialeti–Vanadzor tradition — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides legacy classification · Relevant Middle–Late Bronze chapters
Documents legacy sequences.
date assertion Development of the Lchashen–Metsamor horizon — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides legacy classification · Late Bronze and Early Iron Age chapters
Documents the classification's research history.
event Development of the Lchashen–Metsamor horizon
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides legacy classification · Late Bronze and Early Iron Age chapters
Documents the classification's research history.
date assertion Regional reorganization after the Trialeti–Vanadzor tradition — date assertion
Evidence confidence: low
supports · provides legacy classification · Relevant Middle–Late Bronze chapters
Documents legacy sequences.
event Regional reorganization after the Trialeti–Vanadzor tradition
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides legacy classification · Relevant Middle–Late Bronze chapters
Documents legacy sequences.
date assertion Development of the Lchashen–Metsamor horizon — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides legacy classification · Late Bronze and Early Iron Age chapters
Documents the classification's research history.
entity Khojaly archaeological complex
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides site or sequence evidence · Relevant site report, synthesis, or gazetteer record
Source linked to entity record site_srsc1_khojaly_complex.
entity Dvin-area Late Bronze Age antecedent sites
Evidence confidence: low
supports · provides site or sequence evidence · Relevant site report, synthesis, or gazetteer record
Source linked to entity record site_srsc1_dvin_plain_lba_cluster.
entity Karmir Berd archaeological complex
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides site or sequence evidence · Relevant site report, synthesis, or gazetteer record
Source linked to entity record site_srsc1_karmir_berd.
claim Lchashen–Metsamor is internally diverse and overlaps with Sevan–Artsakh, Lchashen–Tsitelgori, and Khojaly–Gadabay classifications.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports · Late Bronze and Early Iron classifications
Source linked to claim record claim_srsc1_lchashen_metsamor_internal_diversity.
relationship Khojaly archaeological complex — type site for — Khojaly–Gadabay horizon
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports · Site sequence and classification
Source linked to relationship record rel_srsc1_khojaly_complex_type_site_for.