Bronze Age World

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Type: journal article and radiocarbon programme
Publication: Archaeological Journal, vol. 154, no. 1, 55–107

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date assertion Penard metalwork phase — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
date assertion Wilburton metalwork phase — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
date assertion Urnfield-related comparative horizon — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
date assertion Deverel–Rimbury ceramic and burial classification — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
date assertion Post-Deverel–Rimbury Plain Ware tradition — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
date assertion Southern and eastern England archaeological search region — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
date assertion Deverel–Rimbury ceramic and burial traditions — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · dates · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
date assertion Urnfield-related material and funerary comparisons — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · dates · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
date assertion Penard metalwork horizon — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · dates · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
date assertion Wilburton metalwork horizon — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · dates · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
date assertion Middle-to-Late Bronze Age transition in southern Britain — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · dates · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
date assertion Middle Bronze Age framework in southern Britain — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · dates · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
property Archaeological label, not a people
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
property Radiocarbon plateau or broad calibration affected
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
entity Wilburton metalwork phase
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
entity Post-Deverel–Rimbury Plain Ware tradition
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
entity Southern and eastern England archaeological search region
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
entity Deverel–Rimbury ceramic and burial classification
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
entity Penard metalwork phase
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
entity Urnfield-related comparative horizon
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · defines or contextualizes · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
event Wilburton metalwork horizon
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
event Middle Bronze Age framework in southern Britain
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
event Urnfield-related material and funerary comparisons
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
event Deverel–Rimbury ceramic and burial traditions
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
event Penard metalwork horizon
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
event Middle-to-Late Bronze Age transition in southern Britain
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides evidence and date · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
property assignment Urnfield-related comparative horizon — has analytical property — Archaeological label, not a people
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
property assignment Deverel–Rimbury ceramic and burial classification — has analytical property — Archaeological label, not a people
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
property assignment Post-Deverel–Rimbury Plain Ware tradition — has analytical property — Archaeological label, not a people
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
property assignment Penard metalwork phase — has analytical property — Archaeological label, not a people
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
property assignment Wilburton metalwork phase — has analytical property — Archaeological label, not a people
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
property assignment Penard metalwork phase — has analytical property — Radiocarbon plateau or broad calibration affected
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports assignment · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
property assignment Wilburton metalwork phase — has analytical property — Radiocarbon plateau or broad calibration affected
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports assignment · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
property assignment Urnfield-related comparative horizon — has analytical property — Contact evidence does not by itself prove migration
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
claim Later Bronze Age phase boundaries in Britain and Ireland are broader and more regionally variable than neat typological tables imply.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports claim · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
claim Eastern Mediterranean events around 1200 BCE should be compared with Britain and Ireland only after resolving each island sequence independently.
Evidence confidence: very high
supports · supports claim · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
claim Imported objects, foreign typological affinities and shared metallurgical styles can result from exchange, gifting, recycling, copying or itinerant craft as well as migration.
Evidence confidence: very high
supports · supports claim · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
claim Deverel–Rimbury, Penard, Wilburton, Ewart Park, Dowris and Urnfield-related labels are archaeological classifications, not automatically peoples.
Evidence confidence: very high
supports · supports claim · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
claim Radiocarbon calibration structure, old wood and residual samples limit precision for several eleventh- to ninth-century BCE settlement and enclosure sequences.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports claim · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
relationship Penard metalwork phase — generally precedes with overlap — Wilburton metalwork phase
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
relationship Wilburton metalwork phase — generally precedes with overlap — Ewart Park metalwork phase
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
relationship Langdon Bay metalwork assemblage — contains continental typological affinities relevant to — Urnfield-related comparative horizon
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.
causal hypothesis Synchronous 1200 BCE collapse or invasion model
Unsupported explanationConfidence in this assessment: very lowConfidence in this assessment, not in the proposed story
supports · tests hypothesis · Abstract; pp. 55–107; chronological synthesis tables
Presents 46 radiocarbon measurements on organics physically associated with metalwork and revises Middle to Late Bronze Age phase chronology.