Bronze Age World

Citation metadata

Type: edited_scholarly_synthesis
Publication: Oxford University Press
Peer reviewed: Not specified

Open DOI or stable record (opens in a new tab)

Records informed by this source

relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes reign · Amenhotep III chapter discussion
Supports royal and monumental context.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes reign · Amenhotep III chapter discussion
Supports royal and monumental context.
date assertion Amenhotep III's diplomatic and gift-exchange court — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes reign · Amenhotep III chapter discussion
Supports royal and monumental context.
relationship Amarna Letters — documented or interpreted through — Amenhotep III's diplomatic and gift-exchange court
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes reign · Amenhotep III chapter discussion
Supports royal and monumental context.
relationship Amenhotep III — involved or associated with — Amenhotep III's diplomatic and gift-exchange court
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes reign · Amenhotep III chapter discussion
Supports royal and monumental context.
relationship Amenhotep III's diplomatic and gift-exchange court — occurred at or involved — Akhetaten / Tell el-Amarna
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes reign · Amenhotep III chapter discussion
Supports royal and monumental context.
relationship Amenhotep III's diplomatic and gift-exchange court — occurred at or involved — Thebes
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes reign · Amenhotep III chapter discussion
Supports royal and monumental context.
event Amenhotep III's diplomatic and gift-exchange court
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes reign · Amenhotep III chapter discussion
Supports royal and monumental context.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides archaeological context · Mentuhotep II and Deir el-Bahri
Supports date and significance.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides dynastic outline · Dynasty 28
Supports broad chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides dynastic outline · Dynasty 28
Supports broad chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides dynastic synthesis · Dynasties 22–24
Supports broad chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides dynastic synthesis · Dynasties 22–24
Supports broad chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides dynastic synthesis · Dynasties 22–24
Supports broad chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides dynastic synthesis · Dynasties 22–24
Supports broad chronology.
event Minoan palatial systems and eastern Mediterranean exchange
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides Egyptian contact context · Middle and early New Kingdom foreign relations
Supports Egyptian connection cautions.
supports · provides egyptian contact context · Middle and early New Kingdom foreign relations
Supports Egyptian connection cautions.
date assertion Minoan palatial systems and eastern Mediterranean exchange — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides Egyptian contact context · Middle and early New Kingdom foreign relations
Supports Egyptian connection cautions.
supports · provides egyptian contact context · Middle and early New Kingdom foreign relations
Supports Egyptian connection cautions.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides historical and archaeological synthesis · Middle Kingdom Nubian frontier discussion
Supports construction phases and functions.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides historical and archaeological synthesis · Middle Kingdom Nubian frontier discussion
Supports construction phases and functions.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides historical and archaeological synthesis · Middle Kingdom Nubian frontier discussion
Supports construction phases and functions.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides historical context · Senusret III and Nubia
Supports campaign and fortress chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides historical context · Senusret III and Nubia
Supports campaign and fortress chronology.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides historical synthesis · Early New Kingdom Nubia
Supports administrative and military expansion.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides historical synthesis · End of New Kingdom and Dynasty 21 transition
Supports political fragmentation.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides historical synthesis · Late Dynasty 11 and reunification
Supports the process and institutional change.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides historical synthesis · Late Dynasty 11 and reunification
Supports the process and institutional change.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides historical synthesis · End of New Kingdom and Dynasty 21 transition
Supports political fragmentation.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides historical synthesis · Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom chapters
Supports the Memphite region's institutional importance.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides historical synthesis · First Intermediate Period chapter
Supports broad political sequence.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides historical synthesis · First Intermediate Period chapter
Supports broad political sequence.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides historical synthesis · Dynasty 12 Faiyum discussion
Supports regional investment and settlement.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides historical synthesis · Early New Kingdom Nubia
Supports administrative and military expansion.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides historical synthesis · Early New Kingdom Nubia
Supports administrative and military expansion.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides historical synthesis · Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom chapters
Supports the Memphite region's institutional importance.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides historical synthesis · End of New Kingdom and Dynasty 21 transition
Supports political fragmentation.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides historical synthesis · Early New Kingdom Nubia
Supports administrative and military expansion.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides historical synthesis · Dynasty 12 Faiyum discussion
Supports regional investment and settlement.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides historical synthesis · Ramesside Delta residence discussion
Supports chronology and functions.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides historical synthesis · Ramesside Delta residence discussion
Supports chronology and functions.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides political synthesis · Dynasty 21 and Theban government
Supports divided authority.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides political synthesis · Dynasty 21 and Theban government
Supports divided authority.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides political synthesis · Dynasty 21 and Theban government
Supports divided authority.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · supports location problem · Middle Kingdom residence discussion
Supports the regional placement and unresolved location.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · supports location problem · Middle Kingdom residence discussion
Supports the regional placement and unresolved location.
property Fortress and frontier network
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines and contextualizes · Middle and New Kingdom Nubian frontier discussions
Supports the definition and its limits.
property Dynasties 28–30
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines and contextualizes · Late Period chapter
Supports the definition and its limits.
property Ancient Egypt
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines and contextualizes · Introduction and period chapters
Supports the definition and its limits.
property New Kingdom
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines and contextualizes · New Kingdom chapters
Supports the definition and its limits.
property Old Kingdom
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines and contextualizes · Old Kingdom chapter
Supports the definition and its limits.
property Middle Kingdom
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines and contextualizes · Middle Kingdom chapter
Supports the definition and its limits.
entity New Kingdom chronological framework
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines period · Chronological overview and period discussion
Defines the period and its qualifications.
entity Old Kingdom
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines period · Chronological overview and period discussion
Defines the period and its qualifications.
entity Middle Kingdom
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines period · Chronological overview and period discussion
Defines the period and its qualifications.
date assertion Old Kingdom — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines period · Chronological overview and period discussion
Defines the period and its qualifications.
date assertion New Kingdom chronological framework — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines period · Chronological overview and period discussion
Defines the period and its qualifications.
date assertion Middle Kingdom — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines period · Chronological overview and period discussion
Defines the period and its qualifications.
entity Herakleopolitan royal formation
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines political formation · Political history and chronology discussion
Supports the formation and its cautions.
entity Middle Kingdom central state
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines political formation · Political history and chronology discussion
Supports the formation and its cautions.
entity Native Dynasties 28–30
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines political formation · Political history and chronology discussion
Supports the formation and its cautions.
entity Tanite Dynasty 21 kingship
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines political formation · Political history and chronology discussion
Supports the formation and its cautions.
entity Theban Dynasty 11 kingdom
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines political formation · Political history and chronology discussion
Supports the formation and its cautions.
date assertion Bubastite / Dynasty 22 royal formation — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines political formation · Political history and chronology discussion
Supports the formation and its cautions.
date assertion Herakleopolitan royal formation — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines political formation · Political history and chronology discussion
Supports the formation and its cautions.
date assertion Middle Kingdom central state — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines political formation · Political history and chronology discussion
Supports the formation and its cautions.
date assertion Native Dynasties 28–30 — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines political formation · Political history and chronology discussion
Supports the formation and its cautions.
date assertion Tanite Dynasty 21 kingship — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines political formation · Political history and chronology discussion
Supports the formation and its cautions.
date assertion Theban Dynasty 11 kingdom — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines political formation · Political history and chronology discussion
Supports the formation and its cautions.
entity Bubastite / Dynasty 22 royal formation
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines political formation · Political history and chronology discussion
Supports the formation and its cautions.
event Mentuhotep II's Deir el-Bahri mortuary complex
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides archaeological context · Mentuhotep II and Deir el-Bahri
Supports date and significance.
relationship Mentuhotep II — involved or associated with — Mentuhotep II's Deir el-Bahri mortuary complex
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides archaeological context · Mentuhotep II and Deir el-Bahri
Supports date and significance.
date assertion Mentuhotep II's Deir el-Bahri mortuary complex — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides archaeological context · Mentuhotep II and Deir el-Bahri
Supports date and significance.
relationship Mentuhotep II's Deir el-Bahri mortuary complex — occurred at or involved — Deir el-Bahri
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides archaeological context · Mentuhotep II and Deir el-Bahri
Supports date and significance.
relationship End of the First Persian Period and Amyrtaeus's native rule — occurred at or involved — Sais
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides dynastic outline · Dynasty 28
Supports broad chronology.
event End of the First Persian Period and Amyrtaeus's native rule
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides dynastic outline · Dynasty 28
Supports broad chronology.
date assertion End of the First Persian Period and Amyrtaeus's native rule — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides dynastic outline · Dynasty 28
Supports broad chronology.
relationship Amyrtaeus — involved or associated with — End of the First Persian Period and Amyrtaeus's native rule
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides dynastic outline · Dynasty 28
Supports broad chronology.
relationship End of the First Persian Period and Amyrtaeus's native rule — occurred at or involved — Memphis
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides dynastic outline · Dynasty 28
Supports broad chronology.
relationship Native Dynasties 28–30 — involved or associated with — End of the First Persian Period and Amyrtaeus's native rule
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides dynastic outline · Dynasty 28
Supports broad chronology.
relationship Achaemenid administration in Egypt / Dynasty 27 — involved or associated with — End of the First Persian Period and Amyrtaeus's native rule
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides dynastic outline · Dynasty 28
Supports broad chronology.
relationship Overlapping Libyan-associated dynasties and regional elites — occurred at or involved — Tanis
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides dynastic synthesis · Dynasties 22–24
Supports broad chronology.
relationship Overlapping Libyan-associated dynasties and regional elites — occurred at or involved — Sais
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides dynastic synthesis · Dynasties 22–24
Supports broad chronology.
relationship Bubastite / Dynasty 22 royal formation — involved or associated with — Overlapping Libyan-associated dynasties and regional elites
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides dynastic synthesis · Dynasties 22–24
Supports broad chronology.
relationship Saite Dynasty 24 formation — involved or associated with — Overlapping Libyan-associated dynasties and regional elites
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides dynastic synthesis · Dynasties 22–24
Supports broad chronology.
relationship Libyan-associated elites in Egypt — involved or associated with — Overlapping Libyan-associated dynasties and regional elites
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides dynastic synthesis · Dynasties 22–24
Supports broad chronology.
relationship Overlapping Libyan-associated dynasties and regional elites — occurred at or involved — Bubastis
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides dynastic synthesis · Dynasties 22–24
Supports broad chronology.
event Overlapping Libyan-associated dynasties and regional elites
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides dynastic synthesis · Dynasties 22–24
Supports broad chronology.
relationship Overlapping Libyan-associated dynasties and regional elites — occurred at or involved — Thebes
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides dynastic synthesis · Dynasties 22–24
Supports broad chronology.
date assertion Overlapping Libyan-associated dynasties and regional elites — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides dynastic synthesis · Dynasties 22–24
Supports broad chronology.
relationship Regional Dynasty 23 formations — involved or associated with — Overlapping Libyan-associated dynasties and regional elites
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides dynastic synthesis · Dynasties 22–24
Supports broad chronology.
relationship Middle Kingdom Nubian fortress network — involved or associated with — Construction and operation of the Middle Kingdom Nubian fortress network
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical and archaeological synthesis · Middle Kingdom Nubian frontier discussion
Supports construction phases and functions.
event Construction and operation of the Middle Kingdom Nubian fortress network
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical and archaeological synthesis · Middle Kingdom Nubian frontier discussion
Supports construction phases and functions.
relationship Construction and operation of the Middle Kingdom Nubian fortress network — occurred at or involved — Semna
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical and archaeological synthesis · Middle Kingdom Nubian frontier discussion
Supports construction phases and functions.
relationship Construction and operation of the Middle Kingdom Nubian fortress network — occurred at or involved — Elephantine
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical and archaeological synthesis · Middle Kingdom Nubian frontier discussion
Supports construction phases and functions.
relationship Construction and operation of the Middle Kingdom Nubian fortress network — occurred at or involved — Buhen
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical and archaeological synthesis · Middle Kingdom Nubian frontier discussion
Supports construction phases and functions.
date assertion Construction and operation of the Middle Kingdom Nubian fortress network — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical and archaeological synthesis · Middle Kingdom Nubian frontier discussion
Supports construction phases and functions.
relationship Middle Kingdom central state — involved or associated with — Construction and operation of the Middle Kingdom Nubian fortress network
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical and archaeological synthesis · Middle Kingdom Nubian frontier discussion
Supports construction phases and functions.
date assertion Senusret III's Nubian frontier reorganization — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical context · Senusret III and Nubia
Supports campaign and fortress chronology.
relationship Senusret III's Nubian frontier reorganization — occurred at or involved — Buhen
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical context · Senusret III and Nubia
Supports campaign and fortress chronology.
relationship Senusret III's Nubian frontier reorganization — occurred at or involved — Semna
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical context · Senusret III and Nubia
Supports campaign and fortress chronology.
event Senusret III's Nubian frontier reorganization
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical context · Senusret III and Nubia
Supports campaign and fortress chronology.
relationship Middle Kingdom Nubian fortress network — involved or associated with — Senusret III's Nubian frontier reorganization
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical context · Senusret III and Nubia
Supports campaign and fortress chronology.
relationship Senusret III — involved or associated with — Senusret III's Nubian frontier reorganization
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical context · Senusret III and Nubia
Supports campaign and fortress chronology.
relationship Ahmose I — involved or associated with — Early New Kingdom expansion and administration in Nubia
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Early New Kingdom Nubia
Supports administrative and military expansion.
relationship Theban Dynasty 11 kingdom — involved or associated with — Mentuhotep II's reunification campaigns and consolidation
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Late Dynasty 11 and reunification
Supports the process and institutional change.
relationship New Kingdom Egypt — involved or associated with — Early New Kingdom expansion and administration in Nubia
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Early New Kingdom Nubia
Supports administrative and military expansion.
relationship New Kingdom Egypt — involved or associated with — End of New Kingdom central rule and divided authority
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · End of New Kingdom and Dynasty 21 transition
Supports political fragmentation.
date assertion Memphite region develops as an early royal and administrative centre — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides historical synthesis · Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom chapters
Supports the Memphite region's institutional importance.
date assertion Mentuhotep II's reunification campaigns and consolidation — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Late Dynasty 11 and reunification
Supports the process and institutional change.
date assertion Development of Pi-Ramesses as a Ramesside royal and military centre — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Ramesside Delta residence discussion
Supports chronology and functions.
event Early New Kingdom expansion and administration in Nubia
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Early New Kingdom Nubia
Supports administrative and military expansion.
event End of New Kingdom central rule and divided authority
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · End of New Kingdom and Dynasty 21 transition
Supports political fragmentation.
event Middle Kingdom Faiyum settlement and agricultural projects
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides historical synthesis · Dynasty 12 Faiyum discussion
Supports regional investment and settlement.
event Herakleopolitan and Theban rival kingships
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides historical synthesis · First Intermediate Period chapter
Supports broad political sequence.
date assertion End of New Kingdom central rule and divided authority — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · End of New Kingdom and Dynasty 21 transition
Supports political fragmentation.
event Memphite region develops as an early royal and administrative centre
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides historical synthesis · Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom chapters
Supports the Memphite region's institutional importance.
event Mentuhotep II's reunification campaigns and consolidation
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Late Dynasty 11 and reunification
Supports the process and institutional change.
event Development of Pi-Ramesses as a Ramesside royal and military centre
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Ramesside Delta residence discussion
Supports chronology and functions.
relationship Early New Kingdom expansion and administration in Nubia — occurred at or involved — Buhen
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Early New Kingdom Nubia
Supports administrative and military expansion.
relationship Early New Kingdom expansion and administration in Nubia — occurred at or involved — Elephantine
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Early New Kingdom Nubia
Supports administrative and military expansion.
relationship Early New Kingdom expansion and administration in Nubia — occurred at or involved — Kerma
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Early New Kingdom Nubia
Supports administrative and military expansion.
relationship Early New Kingdom expansion and administration in Nubia — occurred at or involved — Semna
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Early New Kingdom Nubia
Supports administrative and military expansion.
relationship End of New Kingdom central rule and divided authority — occurred at or involved — Pi-Ramesses / Qantir
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · End of New Kingdom and Dynasty 21 transition
Supports political fragmentation.
relationship End of New Kingdom central rule and divided authority — occurred at or involved — Tanis
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · End of New Kingdom and Dynasty 21 transition
Supports political fragmentation.
relationship End of New Kingdom central rule and divided authority — occurred at or involved — Thebes
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · End of New Kingdom and Dynasty 21 transition
Supports political fragmentation.
relationship Middle Kingdom Faiyum settlement and agricultural projects — occurred at or involved — Hawara
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides historical synthesis · Dynasty 12 Faiyum discussion
Supports regional investment and settlement.
relationship Middle Kingdom Faiyum settlement and agricultural projects — occurred at or involved — Lahun
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides historical synthesis · Dynasty 12 Faiyum discussion
Supports regional investment and settlement.
relationship Herakleopolitan and Theban rival kingships — occurred at or involved — Thebes
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides historical synthesis · First Intermediate Period chapter
Supports broad political sequence.
date assertion Middle Kingdom Faiyum settlement and agricultural projects — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides historical synthesis · Dynasty 12 Faiyum discussion
Supports regional investment and settlement.
date assertion Herakleopolitan and Theban rival kingships — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides historical synthesis · First Intermediate Period chapter
Supports broad political sequence.
relationship Memphite region develops as an early royal and administrative centre — occurred at or involved — Memphis
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides historical synthesis · Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom chapters
Supports the Memphite region's institutional importance.
relationship Memphite region develops as an early royal and administrative centre — occurred at or involved — Saqqara
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides historical synthesis · Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom chapters
Supports the Memphite region's institutional importance.
relationship Mentuhotep II's reunification campaigns and consolidation — occurred at or involved — Deir el-Bahri
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Late Dynasty 11 and reunification
Supports the process and institutional change.
relationship Mentuhotep II's reunification campaigns and consolidation — occurred at or involved — Thebes
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Late Dynasty 11 and reunification
Supports the process and institutional change.
relationship Development of Pi-Ramesses as a Ramesside royal and military centre — occurred at or involved — Avaris / Tell el-Dab'a
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Ramesside Delta residence discussion
Supports chronology and functions.
relationship Development of Pi-Ramesses as a Ramesside royal and military centre — occurred at or involved — Pi-Ramesses / Qantir
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Ramesside Delta residence discussion
Supports chronology and functions.
date assertion Early New Kingdom expansion and administration in Nubia — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Early New Kingdom Nubia
Supports administrative and military expansion.
relationship Royal residence and court — involved or associated with — Development of Pi-Ramesses as a Ramesside royal and military centre
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Ramesside Delta residence discussion
Supports chronology and functions.
relationship Theban Dynasty 11 kingdom — involved or associated with — Herakleopolitan and Theban rival kingships
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides historical synthesis · First Intermediate Period chapter
Supports broad political sequence.
relationship Herakleopolitan and Theban rival kingships — occurred at or involved — Memphis
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides historical synthesis · First Intermediate Period chapter
Supports broad political sequence.
relationship Amenemhat III — involved or associated with — Middle Kingdom Faiyum settlement and agricultural projects
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides historical synthesis · Dynasty 12 Faiyum discussion
Supports regional investment and settlement.
relationship Mentuhotep II — involved or associated with — Mentuhotep II's reunification campaigns and consolidation
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Late Dynasty 11 and reunification
Supports the process and institutional change.
relationship Ramesses II — involved or associated with — Development of Pi-Ramesses as a Ramesside royal and military centre
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Ramesside Delta residence discussion
Supports chronology and functions.
relationship Ramesses XI — involved or associated with — End of New Kingdom central rule and divided authority
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · End of New Kingdom and Dynasty 21 transition
Supports political fragmentation.
relationship Thutmose III — involved or associated with — Early New Kingdom expansion and administration in Nubia
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Early New Kingdom Nubia
Supports administrative and military expansion.
relationship Early dynastic Nile state — involved or associated with — Memphite region develops as an early royal and administrative centre
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides historical synthesis · Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom chapters
Supports the Memphite region's institutional importance.
relationship Herakleopolitan royal formation — involved or associated with — Herakleopolitan and Theban rival kingships
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides historical synthesis · First Intermediate Period chapter
Supports broad political sequence.
relationship Middle Kingdom central state — involved or associated with — Middle Kingdom Faiyum settlement and agricultural projects
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · provides historical synthesis · Dynasty 12 Faiyum discussion
Supports regional investment and settlement.
relationship Middle Kingdom central state — involved or associated with — Mentuhotep II's reunification campaigns and consolidation
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · Late Dynasty 11 and reunification
Supports the process and institutional change.
relationship Tanite Dynasty 21 kingship — involved or associated with — End of New Kingdom central rule and divided authority
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · End of New Kingdom and Dynasty 21 transition
Supports political fragmentation.
relationship Theban domain of Amun and high-priestly government — involved or associated with — End of New Kingdom central rule and divided authority
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides historical synthesis · End of New Kingdom and Dynasty 21 transition
Supports political fragmentation.
date assertion Tanite kingship and Theban Amun-domain coexistence — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides political synthesis · Dynasty 21 and Theban government
Supports divided authority.
event Tanite kingship and Theban Amun-domain coexistence
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides political synthesis · Dynasty 21 and Theban government
Supports divided authority.
relationship Tanite kingship and Theban Amun-domain coexistence — occurred at or involved — Karnak
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides political synthesis · Dynasty 21 and Theban government
Supports divided authority.
relationship Tanite kingship and Theban Amun-domain coexistence — occurred at or involved — Tanis
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides political synthesis · Dynasty 21 and Theban government
Supports divided authority.
relationship Tanite kingship and Theban Amun-domain coexistence — occurred at or involved — Thebes
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides political synthesis · Dynasty 21 and Theban government
Supports divided authority.
relationship Tanite Dynasty 21 kingship — involved or associated with — Tanite kingship and Theban Amun-domain coexistence
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides political synthesis · Dynasty 21 and Theban government
Supports divided authority.
relationship Psusennes I — involved or associated with — Tanite kingship and Theban Amun-domain coexistence
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides political synthesis · Dynasty 21 and Theban government
Supports divided authority.
relationship Theban domain of Amun and high-priestly government — involved or associated with — Tanite kingship and Theban Amun-domain coexistence
Evidence confidence: high
supports · provides political synthesis · Dynasty 21 and Theban government
Supports divided authority.
property assignment Theban domain of Amun and high-priestly government — classified as — Political plurality
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Relevant evidence and interpretation
Supports analytical assignment.
property assignment Theban Dynasty 11 kingdom — classified as — Political plurality
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Relevant evidence and interpretation
Supports analytical assignment.
property assignment Herakleopolitan royal formation — classified as — Political plurality
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Relevant evidence and interpretation
Supports analytical assignment.
property assignment New Kingdom Egypt — classified as — New Kingdom
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Political chronology
Supports date and classification.
property assignment Theban Dynasty 11 kingdom — classified as — First Intermediate Period
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Political chronology
Supports date and classification.
property assignment Theban domain of Amun and high-priestly government — classified as — Third Intermediate Period
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Political chronology
Supports date and classification.
property assignment Tanite Dynasty 21 kingship — classified as — Third Intermediate Period
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Political chronology
Supports date and classification.
property assignment Native Dynasties 28–30 — classified as — Dynasties 28–30
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Political chronology
Supports date and classification.
property assignment Middle Kingdom central state — classified as — Middle Kingdom
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Political chronology
Supports date and classification.
property assignment Herakleopolitan royal formation — classified as — First Intermediate Period
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Political chronology
Supports date and classification.
property assignment Bubastite / Dynasty 22 royal formation — classified as — Third Intermediate Period
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Political chronology
Supports date and classification.
property assignment Old Kingdom — classified as — Old Kingdom
Evidence confidence: near certain
supports · supports assignment · Period definition
Supports classification.
property assignment New Kingdom chronological framework — classified as — New Kingdom
Evidence confidence: near certain
supports · supports assignment · Period definition
Supports classification.
property assignment Middle Kingdom — classified as — Middle Kingdom
Evidence confidence: near certain
supports · supports assignment · Period definition
Supports classification.
property assignment Itjtawy — classified as — Modern research reconstruction
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports assignment · Relevant evidence and interpretation
Supports analytical assignment.
property assignment Middle Kingdom Nubian fortress network — classified as — Fortress and frontier network
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Relevant evidence and interpretation
Supports analytical assignment.
property assignment Tanite Dynasty 21 kingship — classified as — Political plurality
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports assignment · Relevant evidence and interpretation
Supports analytical assignment.
claim Modern Egypt's border and one New Kingdom maximum-extent polygon are invalid as default maps for ancient Egyptian history.
Evidence confidence: near certain
supports · supports claim · Period-specific territorial histories
Supports the claim and its qualifications.
claim Ancient Egypt is a modern historical umbrella, not one unchanged polity extending from 3100 to 332 BCE.
Evidence confidence: near certain
supports · supports claim · Introduction and all period chapters
Supports the claim and its qualifications.
claim The exact archaeological location of Itjtawy remains unresolved.
Evidence confidence: very high
supports · supports claim · Itjtawy and Dynasty 12 residence
Supports the claim and its qualifications.
claim The end of the New Kingdom was a transformation of central power and institutions, not the disappearance of Egyptian civilization.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports claim · End Dynasty 20 and Dynasty 21
Supports the claim and its qualifications.
date assertion Royal residence and court — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity · Relevant discussion or corpus description
Supports the entity and its interpretive limits.
date assertion Medjay — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports entity · Relevant discussion or corpus description
Supports the entity and its interpretive limits.
entity Medjay
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports entity · Relevant discussion or corpus description
Supports the entity and its interpretive limits.
entity Middle Kingdom Nubian fortress network
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity · Relevant discussion or corpus description
Supports the entity and its interpretive limits.
entity Royal residence and court
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity · Relevant discussion or corpus description
Supports the entity and its interpretive limits.
date assertion Middle Kingdom Nubian fortress network — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports entity · Relevant discussion or corpus description
Supports the entity and its interpretive limits.
geography assertion Middle Kingdom Nubian fortress network — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports geographic assertion · Middle Kingdom Nubian frontier
Supports named nodes, control distinctions and uncertainty.
geography assertion Development of Pi-Ramesses as a Ramesside royal and military centre — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports geographic assertion · Ramesside Delta geography
Supports named nodes, control distinctions and uncertainty.
geography assertion Middle Kingdom central state — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports geographic assertion · Dynasty 12 residence and Faiyum discussion
Supports named nodes, control distinctions and uncertainty.
geography assertion Tanite kingship and Theban Amun-domain coexistence — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports geographic assertion · Dynasty 21 political geography
Supports named nodes, control distinctions and uncertainty.
geography assertion Early New Kingdom expansion and administration in Nubia — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports geographic assertion · New Kingdom Nubia
Supports named nodes, control distinctions and uncertainty.
relationship Amenemhat I — involved or associated with — Establishment of the Middle Kingdom residence at Itjtawy
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports location problem · Middle Kingdom residence discussion
Supports the regional placement and unresolved location.
date assertion Establishment of the Middle Kingdom residence at Itjtawy — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports location problem · Middle Kingdom residence discussion
Supports the regional placement and unresolved location.
event Establishment of the Middle Kingdom residence at Itjtawy
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports location problem · Middle Kingdom residence discussion
Supports the regional placement and unresolved location.
relationship Establishment of the Middle Kingdom residence at Itjtawy — occurred at or involved — Itjtawy
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports location problem · Middle Kingdom residence discussion
Supports the regional placement and unresolved location.
relationship Establishment of the Middle Kingdom residence at Itjtawy — occurred at or involved — Lisht
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports location problem · Middle Kingdom residence discussion
Supports the regional placement and unresolved location.
relationship Royal residence and court — involved or associated with — Establishment of the Middle Kingdom residence at Itjtawy
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports location problem · Middle Kingdom residence discussion
Supports the regional placement and unresolved location.
geography assertion Itjtawy — geography assertion
Evidence confidence: low
supports · supports location uncertainty · Middle Kingdom residence discussion
Supports regional association and unresolved exact location.
causal hypothesis Middle Kingdom Nubian forts as multi-function network
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports network model · Middle Kingdom Nubian forts
Supports multi-site functions.
causal hypothesis Multicausal transformation at the end of the New Kingdom
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports political sequence · Late Dynasty 20 and Dynasty 21
Supports transition.
ranked model modelset_egyfull_end_new_kingdom
supports · supports ranking · Late Dynasty 20 and Dynasty 21 transition
Supports regional political change.
relationship Theban Dynasty 11 kingdom — reunified into — Middle Kingdom central state
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship · Mentuhotep II and early Middle Kingdom
Supports political sequence, overlap or conflict.
relationship Herakleopolitan royal formation — rival of — Theban Dynasty 11 kingdom
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship · First Intermediate rival kingships
Supports political sequence, overlap or conflict.
relationship Early dynastic Nile state — predecessor of — Old Kingdom Memphite court and administrative system
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship · Early Dynastic to Old Kingdom transition
Supports political sequence, overlap or conflict.
relationship Lisht — regionally associated with unlocated — Itjtawy
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports relationship · Lisht and Itjtawy location problem
Supports the relationship and its qualifications.
relationship Tanis — received reused monuments from region of — Pi-Ramesses / Qantir
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship · Tanis and Pi-Ramesses identification history
Supports the relationship and its qualifications.
relationship Pi-Ramesses / Qantir — developed near and reused landscape of — Avaris / Tell el-Dab'a
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship · Eastern Delta royal residences
Supports the relationship and its qualifications.
relationship Middle Kingdom Nubian fortress network — included node — Semna
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship · Middle Kingdom Nubian forts
Supports the relationship and its qualifications.
relationship New Kingdom Egypt — fragmented into regional formations — Tanite Dynasty 21 kingship
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship · End Dynasty 20 and Tanite kingship
Supports political sequence, overlap or conflict.
relationship Middle Kingdom Nubian fortress network — included node — Buhen
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship · Middle Kingdom Nubian forts
Supports the relationship and its qualifications.
relationship New Kingdom Egypt — fragmented into regional formations — Theban domain of Amun and high-priestly government
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship · End Dynasty 20 and Theban government
Supports political sequence, overlap or conflict.
relationship Tanite Dynasty 21 kingship — coexisted with — Theban domain of Amun and high-priestly government
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship · Tanite and Theban divided authority
Supports political sequence, overlap or conflict.
relationship Tanite Dynasty 21 kingship — predecessor of — Bubastite / Dynasty 22 royal formation
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports relationship · Dynasty 21 to 22
Supports political sequence, overlap or conflict.
entity Ramesses XI
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
entity Psusennes I
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
entity Pepi I
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
entity Mentuhotep II
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
entity Osorkon II
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
entity Hatshepsut
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
entity Amyrtaeus
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
entity Amenhotep III
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
entity Amenemhat III
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
date assertion Senusret III — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
date assertion Osorkon II — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
date assertion Pepi I — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
date assertion Psusennes I — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
date assertion Amenemhat III — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
date assertion Amenhotep III — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
date assertion Amyrtaeus — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
date assertion Hatshepsut — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
date assertion Mentuhotep II — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
date assertion Ramesses XI — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
entity Senusret III
Evidence confidence: moderate
supports · supports ruler and reign context · Ruler/period discussion
Supports inclusion, approximate reign and historical significance.
relationship Amyrtaeus — ruled or claimed kingship in — Native Dynasties 28–30
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports ruler relationship · Ruler and period discussion
Supports kingship assignment and chronology.
relationship Senusret III — ruled or claimed kingship in — Middle Kingdom central state
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports ruler relationship · Ruler and period discussion
Supports kingship assignment and chronology.
relationship Ramesses XI — ruled or claimed kingship in — New Kingdom Egypt
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports ruler relationship · Ruler and period discussion
Supports kingship assignment and chronology.
relationship Psusennes I — ruled or claimed kingship in — Tanite Dynasty 21 kingship
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports ruler relationship · Ruler and period discussion
Supports kingship assignment and chronology.
relationship Pepi I — ruled or claimed kingship in — Old Kingdom Memphite court and administrative system
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports ruler relationship · Ruler and period discussion
Supports kingship assignment and chronology.
relationship Osorkon II — ruled or claimed kingship in — Bubastite / Dynasty 22 royal formation
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports ruler relationship · Ruler and period discussion
Supports kingship assignment and chronology.
relationship Mentuhotep II — ruled or claimed kingship in — Theban Dynasty 11 kingdom
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports ruler relationship · Ruler and period discussion
Supports kingship assignment and chronology.
relationship Hatshepsut — ruled or claimed kingship in — New Kingdom Egypt
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports ruler relationship · Ruler and period discussion
Supports kingship assignment and chronology.
relationship Amenhotep III — ruled or claimed kingship in — New Kingdom Egypt
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports ruler relationship · Ruler and period discussion
Supports kingship assignment and chronology.
relationship Amenemhat III — ruled or claimed kingship in — Middle Kingdom central state
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports ruler relationship · Ruler and period discussion
Supports kingship assignment and chronology.
date assertion Semna — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
date assertion Pi-Ramesses / Qantir — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
date assertion Memphis — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
date assertion Lisht — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
date assertion Lahun — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
date assertion Hawara — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
date assertion Elephantine — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
date assertion Deir el-Bahri — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
date assertion Buhen — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
date assertion Bubastis — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
date assertion Beni Hasan — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
date assertion Dakhla Oasis — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
date assertion Thebes — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
entity Dakhla Oasis
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
entity Lisht
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
entity Lahun
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
entity Hawara
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
entity Elephantine
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
entity Deir el-Bahri
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
entity Memphis
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
entity Pi-Ramesses / Qantir
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
entity Semna
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
entity Buhen
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
entity Bubastis
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
entity Beni Hasan
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.
entity Thebes
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports site history · Site or regional discussion
Supports the place, phase and interpretive caution.