Bronze Age World

Citation metadata

Type: scholarly handbook chapter
Publication: Oxford University Press, 660–674
Peer reviewed: Yes

Open DOI or stable record (opens in a new tab)

Records informed by this source

event Metalworking and recycling at Kition
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · contextualizes · Kition continuity
Places industry within urban rebuilding.
entity Kition-Kathari
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · contextualizes · Kition LC IIIA and IIIB trajectory
Supports urban continuity and restructuring.
date assertion Kition-Kathari — date assertion
informs · contextualizes · Kition LC IIIA and IIIB trajectory
Supports urban continuity and restructuring.
event Late thirteenth-century disruption at Enkomi
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Enkomi settlement trajectory
Supports continued occupation after disruption.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Enkomi settlement trajectory
Supports continued occupation after disruption.
property Continuity across the thirteenth–eleventh-century transition
informs · contextualizes · Urban trajectories
Provides site comparisons.
date assertion Metalworking and recycling at Kition — date assertion
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · contextualizes · Kition continuity
Places industry within urban rebuilding.
date assertion Late thirteenth-century disruption at Enkomi — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Enkomi settlement trajectory
Supports continued occupation after disruption.
relationship Metalworking and recycling at Kition — occurred at or affected — Kition-Kathari
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · contextualizes · Kition continuity
Places industry within urban rebuilding.
relationship Late thirteenth-century disruption at Enkomi — occurred at or affected — Enkomi
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Enkomi settlement trajectory
Supports continued occupation after disruption.
relationship Kition-Kathari — located within research landscape — Larnaca Bay Late Bronze Age landscape
Evidence confidence: high
informs · contextualizes · Kition LC IIIA and IIIB trajectory
Supports urban continuity and restructuring.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · contextualizes · Kition continuity
Places industry within urban rebuilding.
date assertion Final abandonment of urban Enkomi — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · dates · Enkomi final phases
Broader conventional range for Enkomi's final urban contraction and abandonment.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · dates and contextualizes · Enkomi LC IIIB trajectory
Places abandonment later than the first transition disruptions.
relationship Final abandonment of urban Enkomi — occurred at or affected — Eastern Mesaoria and Enkomi hinterland
Evidence confidence: high
informs · dates and contextualizes · Enkomi LC IIIB trajectory
Places abandonment later than the first transition disruptions.
relationship Final abandonment of urban Enkomi — occurred at or affected — Enkomi
Evidence confidence: high
informs · dates and contextualizes · Enkomi LC IIIB trajectory
Places abandonment later than the first transition disruptions.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · dates and contextualizes · Enkomi LC IIIB trajectory
Places abandonment later than the first transition disruptions.
date assertion Final abandonment of urban Enkomi — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
informs · dates and contextualizes · Enkomi LC IIIB trajectory
Places abandonment later than the first transition disruptions.
event Final abandonment of urban Enkomi
Evidence confidence: high
informs · dates and contextualizes · Enkomi LC IIIB trajectory
Places abandonment later than the first transition disruptions.
causal hypothesis Sanctuary and production monumentalization supported local authority
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides comparative case · Kition rebuilding
Shows public investment across the transition.
causal hypothesis Local rebuilding and institutional investment supported resilience
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · provides comparative cases · Urban trajectories
Contrasts surviving and abandoned centres.
event Enkomi rebuilding and reorganization in Late Cypriot IIIA
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides synthesis · LC IIIA Enkomi
Documents continued urban life and restructuring.
event Monumental rebuilding at Kition in Late Cypriot IIIA
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides synthesis · Kition LC IIIA public architecture
Documents continuity and rebuilding.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides synthesis · Kition LC IIIA public architecture
Documents continuity and rebuilding.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides synthesis · Kition LC IIIA public architecture
Documents continuity and rebuilding.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides synthesis · Kition urban trajectory
Places expansion in the regional transition.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides synthesis · Kition urban trajectory
Places expansion in the regional transition.
relationship Late thirteenth-century expansion at Kition — occurred at or affected — Kition-Bamboula
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides synthesis · Kition urban trajectory
Places expansion in the regional transition.
relationship Late thirteenth-century expansion at Kition — occurred at or affected — Larnaca Bay Late Bronze Age landscape
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides synthesis · Kition urban trajectory
Places expansion in the regional transition.
relationship Monumental rebuilding at Kition in Late Cypriot IIIA — occurred at or affected — Kition-Kathari
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides synthesis · Kition LC IIIA public architecture
Documents continuity and rebuilding.
relationship Monumental rebuilding at Kition in Late Cypriot IIIA — occurred at or affected — Kition-Bamboula
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides synthesis · Kition LC IIIA public architecture
Documents continuity and rebuilding.
date assertion Enkomi rebuilding and reorganization in Late Cypriot IIIA — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides synthesis · LC IIIA Enkomi
Documents continued urban life and restructuring.
date assertion Late thirteenth-century expansion at Kition — date assertion
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides synthesis · Kition urban trajectory
Places expansion in the regional transition.
date assertion Monumental rebuilding at Kition in Late Cypriot IIIA — date assertion
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · provides synthesis · Kition LC IIIA public architecture
Documents continuity and rebuilding.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides synthesis · LC IIIA Enkomi
Documents continued urban life and restructuring.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides synthesis · Kition urban trajectory
Places expansion in the regional transition.
event Late thirteenth-century expansion at Kition
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides synthesis · Kition urban trajectory
Places expansion in the regional transition.
relationship Enkomi rebuilding and reorganization in Late Cypriot IIIA — occurred at or affected — Enkomi
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides synthesis · LC IIIA Enkomi
Documents continued urban life and restructuring.
relationship Late thirteenth-century expansion at Kition — occurred at or affected — Kition-Kathari
Evidence confidence: high
informs · provides synthesis · Kition urban trajectory
Places expansion in the regional transition.
property assignment Enkomi — has evidence classification — Continuity across the thirteenth–eleventh-century transition
Evidence confidence: high
informs · supports assignment · Enkomi LC IIIA–IIIB trajectory
The city reorganized and persisted through much of the twelfth and into the eleventh century before final abandonment.
property assignment Kition-Kathari — has evidence classification — Continuity across the thirteenth–eleventh-century transition
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · supports assignment · Kition trajectory
Urban and sacred areas were rebuilt and continued into the Early Iron Age.
property assignment Kition-Kathari — has evidence classification — Sanctuary or cult context
Evidence confidence: very high
informs · supports assignment · Kition public and sacred buildings
Monumental sacred precincts and rebuilding are securely documented.
myth interpretation Teucer and the foundation of Salamis as a later origin tradition
Evidence confidence: low
supports · provides archaeological context · Enkomi–Salamis settlement transition
Separates archaeological urban history from the tradition.
relationship Research record — proposed memory of
Evidence confidence: low
supports · provides archaeological context · Enkomi–Salamis settlement transition
Separates archaeological urban history from the tradition.
relationship Research record — proposed memory of
Evidence confidence: low
supports · provides archaeological context · Enkomi–Salamis settlement transition
Separates archaeological urban history from the tradition.
claim Enkomi remained occupied for generations after 1200 BCE and was finally abandoned only in the eleventh century BCE.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports · Enkomi LC IIIA–IIIB
Documents the long final trajectory.
claim Kition and Palaepaphos persisted and invested in institutions across the thirteenth–eleventh centuries while several other Late Cypriot urban centres contracted or disappeared.
Evidence confidence: very high
supports · supports · Kition and Paphos trajectories
Compares the two centres with Enkomi and Hala Sultan Tekke.
claim Hala Sultan Tekke and Enkomi should not be assigned one shared abandonment event: Hala Sultan Tekke ended in the mid-twelfth century, while Enkomi continued into the eleventh ce…
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports · Enkomi and Hala Sultan Tekke comparison
Documents the distinct trajectories.