Bronze Age World

Citation metadata

Type: academic monograph
Publication: Cambridge University Press
Peer reviewed: Yes

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Records informed by this source

property Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Comparative culture and mobility discussion
Source linked to property record prop_srsc1_archaeological_label_not_ethnicity.
property assignment Trialeti–Vanadzor tradition — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_trialeti_vanadzor_tradition_arch_label.
property assignment Karmir Berd tradition — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_karmir_berd_tradition_arch_label.
property assignment Lchashen–Metsamor horizon — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_lchashen_metsamor_horizon_arch_label.
property assignment Sevan–Artsakh horizon — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_sevan_artsakh_horizon_arch_label.
property assignment Lchashen–Tsitelgori horizon — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_lchashen_tsitelgori_horizon_arch_label.
property assignment Khojaly–Gadabay horizon — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_khojaly_gadabay_horizon_arch_label.
property assignment Colchian archaeological tradition — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_colchian_culture_arch_label.
property assignment Talysh–Mugan archaeological horizon — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_talysh_mugan_culture_arch_label.
property assignment Nakhchivan Late Bronze–Early Iron Age fortress and cemetery assemblages — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_nakhchivan_lba_eia_assemblages_arch_label.
property assignment Hasanlu V and Iron I horizon — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_hasanlu_v_horizon_arch_label.
property assignment Marlik elite cemetery horizon — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_marlik_cemetery_horizon_arch_label.
property assignment Begazy–Dandybai culture — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_begazy_dandybai_culture_arch_label.
claim Modern national and administrative borders are locators only and do not define the extent of Late Bronze or Early Iron Age systems.
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Macroregional interaction systems
Source linked to claim record claim_srsc1_modern_borders_are_locators.
claim Modern nationalist narratives can overstate continuity between archaeological cultures and present nations, so identity claims require explicit source criticism.
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Critique of bounded culture and nationalist archaeology
Source linked to claim record claim_srsc1_nationalist_legacy_requires_source_criticism.
claim Begazy–Dandybai evidence does not establish a direct Central Kazakhstan–Caucasus migration or exchange route.
Evidence confidence: high
contextualizes · contextualizes · Macroregional interaction without fixed route
Source linked to claim record claim_srsc1_begazy_no_direct_caucasus_route.
date assertion Berezhnovka–Maevka Srubnaya phase across the Volga–Don steppe — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · contextualizes · Chapters on steppe interaction and metallurgy
Places the horizon in a broader Eurasian framework.
date assertion Srubnaya–Alakul interaction in the north Caspian and southern Ural border zone — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · contextualizes · Eurasian interaction chapters
Provides broader steppe-network context.
date assertion Bilozerka horizon in the north Pontic steppe — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · contextualizes · Pontic-Caspian comparative discussion
Places the horizon in broader steppe systems.
date assertion Begazy–Dandybai development in Central Kazakhstan — date assertion
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · contextualizes · Eurasian Bronze Age interaction framework
Supplies macroregional comparison.
relationship Post-Srubnaya steppe complexes — cross regional comparison — Bilozerka archaeological horizon
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · contextualizes · Pontic-Caspian systems
Source linked to relationship record rel_srsc1_post_srubnaya_compares_bilozerka.
relationship Srubnaya archaeological horizon — proposed indirect influence — Begazy–Dandybai culture
Evidence confidence: low
contextualizes · contextualizes · Macroregional interaction
Source linked to relationship record rel_srsc1_begazy_possible_srubnaya_influence.
relationship Srubnaya archaeological horizon — possible interaction not identity — Koban culture
Evidence confidence: low
contextualizes · contextualizes · Eurasian interactions
Source linked to relationship record rel_srsc1_steppe_north_caucasus_mobility.
event Srubnaya–Alakul interaction in the north Caspian and southern Ural border zone
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · contextualizes · Eurasian interaction chapters
Provides broader steppe-network context.
event Berezhnovka–Maevka Srubnaya phase across the Volga–Don steppe
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · contextualizes · Chapters on steppe interaction and metallurgy
Places the horizon in a broader Eurasian framework.
event Bilozerka horizon in the north Pontic steppe
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · contextualizes · Pontic-Caspian comparative discussion
Places the horizon in broader steppe systems.
event Begazy–Dandybai development in Central Kazakhstan
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · contextualizes · Eurasian Bronze Age interaction framework
Supplies macroregional comparison.
property assignment Srubnaya archaeological horizon — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_srubnaya_horizon_arch_label.
property assignment Berezhnovka–Maevka Srubnaya variant — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_berezhnovka_maevka_variant_arch_label.
property assignment Post-Srubnaya steppe complexes — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_post_srubnaya_complexes_arch_label.
property assignment Kobiakovo culture — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_kobiakovo_culture_arch_label.
property assignment Bilozerka archaeological horizon — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_bilozerka_horizon_arch_label.
property assignment Kayakent–Kharachoi culture — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_kayakent_kharachoi_culture_arch_label.
property assignment Manas group — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_manas_group_arch_label.
property assignment Koban culture — has property — Archaeological label, not an ethnicity
Evidence confidence: near certain
contextualizes · contextualizes · Mobility, interaction, and culture models
Source linked to property_assignment record pa_srsc1_koban_culture_arch_label.
entity Srubnaya archaeological horizon
Evidence confidence: high
contextualizes · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
Source linked to entity record arch_srsc1_srubnaya_horizon.
entity Begazy–Dandybai culture
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
Source linked to entity record arch_srsc1_begazy_dandybai_culture.
entity Bilozerka archaeological horizon
Evidence confidence: moderate
contextualizes · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
Source linked to entity record arch_srsc1_bilozerka_horizon.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Eurasian Bronze Age interaction framework
Supplies macroregional comparison.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Chapters on steppe interaction and metallurgy
Places the horizon in a broader Eurasian framework.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Chapters on steppe interaction and metallurgy
Places the horizon in a broader Eurasian framework.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Chapters on steppe interaction and metallurgy
Places the horizon in a broader Eurasian framework.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Eurasian interaction chapters
Provides broader steppe-network context.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Eurasian interaction chapters
Provides broader steppe-network context.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Eurasian interaction chapters
Provides broader steppe-network context.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Pontic-Caspian comparative discussion
Places the horizon in broader steppe systems.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Pontic-Caspian comparative discussion
Places the horizon in broader steppe systems.
relationship Research record — associated with
Evidence confidence: moderate
informs · contextualizes · Eurasian Bronze Age interaction framework
Supplies macroregional comparison.
date assertion Bilozerka archaeological horizon — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
date assertion Srubnaya archaeological horizon — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
date assertion Begazy–Dandybai culture — date assertion
informs · defines or contextualizes classification · Relevant chronology, regional synthesis, or assemblage discussion
date assertion Central Asian steppe comparison zone — date assertion
informs · defines search frame · Relevant regional chapters or site distributions
date assertion North Pontic steppe — date assertion
informs · defines search frame · Relevant regional chapters or site distributions
entity Central Asian steppe comparison zone
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines search frame · Relevant regional chapters or site distributions
Source linked to entity record geo_srsc1_central_asia.
entity North Pontic steppe
Evidence confidence: high
supports · defines search frame · Relevant regional chapters or site distributions
Source linked to entity record geo_srsc1_north_pontic.
claim Srubnaya, Trialeti–Vanadzor, Karmir Berd, Lchashen–Metsamor, Khojaly–Gadabay, Koban, Colchian, and Talysh–Mugan are archaeological classifications, not demonstrated ethnic or li…
Evidence confidence: near certain
supports · supports · Comparative discussion of archaeological cultures and mobility
Source linked to claim record claim_srsc1_culture_labels_not_ethnicity.
claim Steppe–Caucasus contacts and ancestry change do not require a single mass-replacement event during 1600–800 BCE.
Evidence confidence: high
supports · supports · Interaction and mobility synthesis
Source linked to claim record claim_srsc1_steppe_caucasus_mobility_not_mass_replacement.