event · evt_iberia1_strait_indigenous_colonial_interaction
Local and Phoenician-associated interaction around the Strait of Gibraltar
During the ninth and eighth centuries BCE, southern Iberian settlements and northwest African communities participated in increasingly connected material and maritime worlds.
What is the evidence?
observation
During the ninth and eighth centuries BCE, southern Iberian settlements and northwest African communities participated in increasingly connected material and maritime worlds.Review and provenance
Specialist reviewer: not recorded. Review date: not recorded.
Dataset workflow: proposed. This is separate from specialist review.
Confidence describes the stated assessment; it does not certify expert approval. How review works.
Chronology
Dating intervals may describe uncertainty or phases; their width alone does not establish event duration.
900 BCE–800 BCE
Precision: range
moderatePreferred display range for this release. It preserves BCE ordering and does not suppress narrower samples, phase dates or alternatives listed separately.
- supports · provides archaeological observation
The Phoenician diaspora in the westernmost Mediterranean: recent discoveries — José Suárez-Padilla, Víctor Jiménez-Jáimez, José L. Caro (2021)Provides early Iberian settlement and contact evidence.
Locator: pp. 1495–1510 - supports · provides archaeological observation
Rethinking late prehistoric Mediterranean Africa: architecture, farming and materiality at Kach Kouch, Morocco — Hamza Benattia, Youssef Bokbot, Jorge Onrubia-Pintado, Meryem Benerradi, Bouchra Bougariane, Bouchra Bouhamidi, Jared Carballo-Pérez, Othman Echcherif-Baamrani, Asmae Elqably, Noufel Ghayati, Hassan Hachami, Mohamed Kbiri-Alaoui, Raluca Lazarescu, Lorena Lombardi, Giulio Lucarini, Rafael M. Martínez-Sánchez, Marta Mateu-Sagés, Pau Menéndez-Molist, Ignacio Montero-Ruiz, Zayd Ouakrim, Guillem Pérez-Jordà, Moad Radi, Joan Ramon-Torres, Eric Sobrevia-Corral, Tachfine Touri, Cyprian Broodbank (2025)Provides a locally grounded northwest African sequence and material comparisons.
Locator: pp. 354–374 - supports · contextualizes
Gadir, su estructura plural. Un modo de ver su fundación fenicia en el espacio y en el tiempo — Diego Ruiz Mata (2018)Supports a plural rather than single-foundation model.
Locator: Gadir/Huelva spatial and temporal discussion
Interpretation and caveats
The interaction was negotiated through local settlements and varied resident, visitor and exchange practices; it was not a single one-way colonization event.
Event context
Classification
Event type: cross strait and colonial interaction
Evidence layer: archaeological
Timeline role: regional core
People and places
Locations: Strait of Gibraltar interaction frame, Phoenician-associated and indigenous interaction network, Kach Kouch, Gadir archaeological site
Why it matters to the timeline
The Strait and North African interaction zone is explicitly within the regional brief.
Research notes
- Provides early Iberian settlement and contact evidence. Role: provides archaeological observation. Locator: pp. 1495–1510.
- Provides a locally grounded northwest African sequence and material comparisons. Role: provides archaeological observation. Locator: pp. 354–374.
- Supports a plural rather than single-foundation model. Role: contextualizes. Locator: Gadir/Huelva spatial and temporal discussion.
Evidence and sources
- supports · provides archaeological observation
The Phoenician diaspora in the westernmost Mediterranean: recent discoveries — José Suárez-Padilla, Víctor Jiménez-Jáimez, José L. Caro (2021)Provides early Iberian settlement and contact evidence.
Locator: pp. 1495–1510 - supports · provides archaeological observation
Rethinking late prehistoric Mediterranean Africa: architecture, farming and materiality at Kach Kouch, Morocco — Hamza Benattia, Youssef Bokbot, Jorge Onrubia-Pintado, Meryem Benerradi, Bouchra Bougariane, Bouchra Bouhamidi, Jared Carballo-Pérez, Othman Echcherif-Baamrani, Asmae Elqably, Noufel Ghayati, Hassan Hachami, Mohamed Kbiri-Alaoui, Raluca Lazarescu, Lorena Lombardi, Giulio Lucarini, Rafael M. Martínez-Sánchez, Marta Mateu-Sagés, Pau Menéndez-Molist, Ignacio Montero-Ruiz, Zayd Ouakrim, Guillem Pérez-Jordà, Moad Radi, Joan Ramon-Torres, Eric Sobrevia-Corral, Tachfine Touri, Cyprian Broodbank (2025)Provides a locally grounded northwest African sequence and material comparisons.
Locator: pp. 354–374 - supports · contextualizes
Gadir, su estructura plural. Un modo de ver su fundación fenicia en el espacio y en el tiempo — Diego Ruiz Mata (2018)Supports a plural rather than single-foundation model.
Locator: Gadir/Huelva spatial and temporal discussion
Referenced records
- Gadir archaeological site · entity
- Kach Kouch · entity
- Phoenician-associated and indigenous interaction network · entity
- Strait of Gibraltar interaction frame · entity