History of Bronze Age research in Scotland, including summary chronologies

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research-framework synthesis

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• date assertion Southern and eastern England archaeological search region — date assertion
  informs · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• date assertion Lowland Scotland archaeological search region — date assertion
  informs · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• date assertion Deverel–Rimbury ceramic and burial classification — date assertion
  informs · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• date assertion Post-Deverel–Rimbury Plain Ware tradition — date assertion
  informs · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• date assertion Penard metalwork phase — date assertion
  informs · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• date assertion Wilburton metalwork phase — date assertion
  informs · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• date assertion Ewart Park metalwork phase — date assertion
  informs · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• date assertion Llyn Fawr Bronze–Iron transition phase — date assertion
  informs · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• date assertion Urnfield-related comparative horizon — date assertion
  informs · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Research record — associated with
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  informs · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Research record — associated with
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  informs · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Research record — associated with
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  informs · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Research record — associated with
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  informs · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Research record — associated with
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  informs · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Research record — associated with
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  informs · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Research record — associated with
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  informs · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Research record — associated with
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  informs · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Research record — associated with
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  informs · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Research record — associated with
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  informs · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Research record — associated with
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  informs · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Research record — associated with
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  informs · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Research record — associated with
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  informs · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Research record — associated with
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  informs · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Research record — associated with
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  informs · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Research record — associated with
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  informs · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• date assertion Deverel–Rimbury ceramic and burial traditions — date assertion
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · dates · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• date assertion Llyn Fawr Bronze–Iron transition horizon — date assertion
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · dates · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• date assertion Urnfield-related material and funerary comparisons — date assertion
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · dates · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• date assertion Penard metalwork horizon — date assertion
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · dates · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• date assertion Ewart Park metalwork horizon — date assertion
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · dates · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• date assertion Wilburton metalwork horizon — date assertion
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · dates · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• date assertion Middle-to-Late Bronze Age transition in southern Britain — date assertion
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · dates · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• date assertion Middle Bronze Age framework in southern Britain — date assertion
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · dates · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• property Archaeological label, not a people
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · defines · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• entity Ewart Park metalwork phase
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• entity Post-Deverel–Rimbury Plain Ware tradition
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• entity Urnfield-related comparative horizon
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• entity Deverel–Rimbury ceramic and burial classification
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• entity Lowland Scotland archaeological search region
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• entity Southern and eastern England archaeological search region
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• entity Penard metalwork phase
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• entity Wilburton metalwork phase
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• entity Llyn Fawr Bronze–Iron transition phase
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · defines or contextualizes · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• event Urnfield-related material and funerary comparisons
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• event Llyn Fawr Bronze–Iron transition horizon
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• event Middle Bronze Age framework in southern Britain
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• event Deverel–Rimbury ceramic and burial traditions
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• event Penard metalwork horizon
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• event Middle-to-Late Bronze Age transition in southern Britain
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• event Wilburton metalwork horizon
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• event Ewart Park metalwork horizon
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · provides evidence and date · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• property assignment Ewart Park metalwork phase — has analytical property — Archaeological label, not a people
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports assignment · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• property assignment Deverel–Rimbury ceramic and burial classification — has analytical property — Archaeological label, not a people
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports assignment · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• property assignment Post-Deverel–Rimbury Plain Ware tradition — has analytical property — Archaeological label, not a people
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports assignment · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• property assignment Penard metalwork phase — has analytical property — Archaeological label, not a people
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports assignment · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• property assignment Wilburton metalwork phase — has analytical property — Archaeological label, not a people
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports assignment · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• property assignment Llyn Fawr Bronze–Iron transition phase — has analytical property — Archaeological label, not a people
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports assignment · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• property assignment Urnfield-related comparative horizon — has analytical property — Archaeological label, not a people
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports assignment · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• property assignment Llyn Fawr Bronze–Iron transition phase — has analytical property — Contextual record outside primary interval
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports assignment · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• property assignment Penard metalwork phase — has analytical property — Radiocarbon plateau or broad calibration affected
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · supports assignment · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• property assignment Wilburton metalwork phase — has analytical property — Radiocarbon plateau or broad calibration affected
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · supports assignment · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• property assignment Urnfield-related comparative horizon — has analytical property — Contact evidence does not by itself prove migration
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports assignment · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• claim Later Bronze Age phase boundaries in Britain and Ireland are broader and more regionally variable than neat typological tables imply.
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports claim · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• claim Eastern Mediterranean events around 1200 BCE should be compared with Britain and Ireland only after resolving each island sequence independently.
  Evidence confidence: ◈ very high
  supports · supports claim · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• claim Changes near 1200 BCE in Britain and Ireland were asynchronous and locally distinct rather than one synchronous island-wide collapse.
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports claim · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• claim The terms Celt, Briton, Pict, Gael, English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish should not be projected as stable ethnic identities onto 1600–800 BCE communities without period-specific …
  Evidence confidence: ◈ very high
  supports · supports claim · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• claim Deverel–Rimbury, Penard, Wilburton, Ewart Park, Dowris and Urnfield-related labels are archaeological classifications, not automatically peoples.
  Evidence confidence: ◈ very high
  supports · supports claim · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• claim The approach to the Early Iron Age around 800 BCE was regionally variable and cannot be reduced to one island-wide technological switch.
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports claim · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Wilburton metalwork phase — generally precedes with overlap — Ewart Park metalwork phase
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports relationship · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Ewart Park metalwork phase — transitions into — Llyn Fawr Bronze–Iron transition phase
  Evidence confidence: ◈ moderate
  supports · supports relationship · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.

• relationship Penard metalwork phase — generally precedes with overlap — Wilburton metalwork phase
  Evidence confidence: ◈ high
  supports · supports relationship · Sections 1.2 and 1.2.5, Tables 1 and 2

  Provides explicit southern British and Scottish phase tables and cautions that southern British chronology cannot simply be transferred to Scotland.